Valproic acid
Highest phase reached
Approved
Drug type
Small molecule
First approval year
1978
- First approval year
- 1978
- Listing at source
- Listed
- Highest phase reached
- Approved
- Drug type
- Small molecule
- Drug name
- Valproic acid
- Molecular weight
- 144.21
- Structure (SMILES)
- CCCC(CCC)C(=O)O
- convulex
- Convulex
- depakene
- Depakene
- depakote
- Depakote
- stavzor
- Stavzor
- valproic acid
- Valproic acid
- 44089
- acide valproique
- Acide valproique
- acido valproico
- Acido valproico
- nsc 93819
- NSC-93819
- pentanoic acid 2 propyl
- Pentanoic acid, 2-propyl
- valproate
- Valproate
- valproic acid
- Valproic acid
- Valproic acid [EP IMPURITY]
- Valproic acid [EP MONOGRAPH]
- VALPROIC ACID [HSDB]
- valproic acid [INN]
- VALPROIC ACID [MART.]
- VALPROIC ACID [MI]
- VALPROIC ACID [ORANGE BOOK]
- VALPROIC ACID [USAN]
- VALPROIC ACID [USP IMPURITY]
- VALPROIC ACID [USP MONOGRAPH]
- VALPROIC ACID [USP-RS]
- VALPROIC ACID [VANDF]
And 16 more, listed on the interactive page.
- ATC classification codes
- N03AG01
Sources for recorded values
- CAS registry numbers
- 99-66-1
- ChEMBL ID
- CHEMBL109
- InChIKey
- NIJJYAXOARWZEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- PubChem compound IDs
- 3121
- FDA ingredient codes (UNII)
- 614OI1Z5WI
- 11118
- 40254
- Applicant
- PHARM ASSOC
- Approval date
- 15 Dec 2000
- Application number
- ANDA075379
- Patents
- 0
- Designations
- 2
- First in class
- No
- Fast track
- No
- Breakthrough designation
- No
- Orphan designation
- No
- Priority review
- No
- Orphan exclusivity
- No
- Accelerated approval
- No
- Availability
- Prescription only
- Boxed warning
- Yes
- United States (FDA)
- Approved
- Pharmacology name
- valproic acid
- Type
- Synthetic organic
- Approval recorded by Guide to Pharmacology
- Yes
Administration routes
- Oral
- Parenteral
- Action
- Inhibition
- Action type
- Inhibitor
- Target
- histone deacetylase 1
- Gene symbol
- HDAC1
- Protein identifier
- Q13547
- Median affinity
- 3.4
- Affinity units
- pIC50
- Mechanism
- Succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor
- Action type
- Inhibitor
- Target
- Succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
- Protein identifier
- P51649
Open Targets mechanisms
- Mechanism
- Succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor
- Action type
- Inhibitor
- Target
- Succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
- Action type
- Inhibitor
- Gene symbol
- ALDH5A1
- Protein identifier
- P51649
- Organism
- Homo sapiens
- Target development level
- Clinical
- Action type
- Inhibitor
- Gene symbol
- HDAC1
- Protein identifier
- Q13547
- Organism
- Homo sapiens
- Target development level
- Clinical
- Condition
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell
- Highest recorded phase
- 2
- Condition identifier
- EFO:0000095
- Subject identifier
- D015451
- Condition
- HIV Infections
- Highest recorded phase
- 2
- Condition identifier
- EFO:0000180
- Subject identifier
- D015658
- Condition
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
- Highest recorded phase
- 2
- Condition identifier
- EFO:0000181
- Subject identifier
- D002294
- Condition
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes
- Highest recorded phase
- 2
- Condition identifier
- EFO:0000198
- Subject identifier
- D009190
- Condition
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute
- Highest recorded phase
- 2
- Condition identifier
- EFO:0000222
- Subject identifier
- D015470
- Condition
- Burkitt Lymphoma
- Highest recorded phase
- 1
- Condition identifier
- EFO:0000309
- Subject identifier
- D002051
- Condition
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive
- Highest recorded phase
- 2
- Condition identifier
- EFO:0000339
- Subject identifier
- D015464
- Condition
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse
- Highest recorded phase
- 1
- Condition identifier
- EFO:0000403
- Subject identifier
- D016403
- Condition
- Epilepsy
- Highest recorded phase
- 4
- Condition identifier
- EFO:0000474
- Subject identifier
- D004827
- Condition
- Glioblastoma
- Highest recorded phase
- 2
- Condition identifier
- EFO:0000519
- Subject identifier
- D005909
- Condition
- Wounds and Injuries
- Highest recorded phase
- 1
- Condition identifier
- EFO:0000546
- Subject identifier
- D014947
- Condition
- Leukemia
- Highest recorded phase
- 2
- Condition identifier
- EFO:0000565
- Subject identifier
- D007938
- Condition
- Lymphoma
- Highest recorded phase
- 2
- Condition identifier
- EFO:0000574
- Subject identifier
- D008223
- Condition
- Neoplasms
- Highest recorded phase
- 1
- Condition identifier
- EFO:0000616
- Subject identifier
- D009369
- Condition
- Sarcoma
- Highest recorded phase
- 1
- Condition identifier
- EFO:0000691
- Subject identifier
- D012509
- Condition
- Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
- Highest recorded phase
- 2
- Condition identifier
- EFO:0000702
- Subject identifier
- D055752
- Condition
- Melanoma
- Highest recorded phase
- 1
- Condition identifier
- EFO:0000756
- Subject identifier
- D008545
- Condition
- HIV Infections
- Highest recorded phase
- 2
- Condition identifier
- EFO:0000764
- Subject identifier
- D015658
- Condition
- Ovarian Neoplasms
- Highest recorded phase
- 1
- Condition identifier
- EFO:0001075
- Subject identifier
- D010051
- Condition
- Astrocytoma
- Highest recorded phase
- 1
- Condition identifier
- EFO:0002499
- Subject identifier
- D001254
- Condition
- Pancreatic Neoplasms
- Highest recorded phase
- 2
- Condition identifier
- EFO:0002618
- Subject identifier
- D010190
- Condition
- Medulloblastoma
- Highest recorded phase
- 1
- Condition identifier
- EFO:0002939
- Subject identifier
- D008527
- Condition
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung
- Highest recorded phase
- 1
- Condition identifier
- EFO:0003060
- Subject identifier
- D002289
- Condition
- Autistic Disorder
- Highest recorded phase
- 3
- Condition identifier
- EFO:0003758
- Subject identifier
- D001321
- Condition
- Brain Neoplasms
- Highest recorded phase
- 2
- Condition identifier
- EFO:0003833
- Subject identifier
- D001932
And 41 more, listed on the interactive page.
- Condition identifier
- EFO_0000095
- Highest recorded phase
- 2
- Condition identifier
- EFO_0000181
- Highest recorded phase
- 2
- Condition identifier
- EFO_0000198
- Highest recorded phase
- 2
- Condition identifier
- EFO_0000222
- Highest recorded phase
- 2
- Condition identifier
- EFO_0000339
- Highest recorded phase
- 2
- Condition identifier
- EFO_0000474
- Condition identifier
- EFO_0000519
- Highest recorded phase
- 1
- Condition identifier
- EFO_0000616
- Highest recorded phase
- 1
- Condition identifier
- EFO_0000691
- Highest recorded phase
- 1
- Condition identifier
- EFO_0000702
- Highest recorded phase
- 2
- Condition identifier
- EFO_0000764
- Highest recorded phase
- 2
- Condition identifier
- EFO_0002618
- Highest recorded phase
- 2
- Condition identifier
- EFO_0003060
- Condition identifier
- EFO_0003758
- Highest recorded phase
- 3
- Condition identifier
- EFO_0004191
- Highest recorded phase
- 2
- Condition identifier
- EFO_0004263
- Condition identifier
- EFO_0005762
- Highest recorded phase
- 2
- Condition identifier
- EFO_0005800
- Condition identifier
- EFO_0006859
- Highest recorded phase
- 2
- Condition identifier
- EFO_0007527
- Highest recorded phase
- 3
- Condition identifier
- EFO_0008526
- Highest recorded phase
- 3
- Condition identifier
- EFO_0009963
- Highest recorded phase
- 3
- Condition identifier
- EFO_0009964
- Highest recorded phase
- 2
- Condition identifier
- EFO_0020983
- Highest recorded phase
- 3
- Condition identifier
- EFO_0700059
- Highest recorded phase
- 1
And 113 more, listed on the interactive page.
- Warning
- Black Box Warning
- Effect
- gastrointestinal toxicity
- Warning
- Black Box Warning
- Effect
- hepatotoxicity
- Warning
- Black Box Warning
- Effect
- teratogenicity
- Warning
- Black Box Warning
- Effect
- gastrointestinal toxicity
- Country
- United States
- Warning
- Black Box Warning
- Effect
- hepatotoxicity
- Country
- United States
- Warning
- Black Box Warning
- Effect
- teratogenicity
- Country
- United States
- Event
- aggression
- Reports
- 322
- Reporting signal score
- 319.343
- Event
- ammonia increased
- Reports
- 286
- Reporting signal score
- 826.614
- Event
- arthralgia
- Reports
- 42
- Reporting signal score
- 213.022
- Event
- ataxia
- Reports
- 176
- Reporting signal score
- 218.901
- Event
- cognitive disorder
- Reports
- 259
- Reporting signal score
- 244.345
- Event
- coma
- Reports
- 423
- Reporting signal score
- 504.094
- Event
- congenital nose malformation
- Reports
- 68
- Reporting signal score
- 228.884
- Event
- convulsion
- Reports
- 586
- Reporting signal score
- 636.369
- Event
- depressed level of consciousness
- Reports
- 298
- Reporting signal score
- 270.502
- Event
- developmental delay
- Reports
- 124
- Reporting signal score
- 299.98
- Event
- drug interaction
- Reports
- 1,261
- Reporting signal score
- 1,140.6
- Event
- dysmorphism
- Reports
- 170
- Reporting signal score
- 508.55
- Event
- encephalopathy
- Reports
- 326
- Reporting signal score
- 437.933
- Event
- epilepsy
- Reports
- 359
- Reporting signal score
- 474.03
- Event
- extrapyramidal disorder
- Reports
- 202
- Reporting signal score
- 270.514
- Event
- foetal anticonvulsant syndrome
- Reports
- 219
- Reporting signal score
- 867.65
- Event
- generalised tonic-clonic seizure
- Reports
- 178
- Reporting signal score
- 219.84
- Event
- hyperammonaemia
- Reports
- 615
- Reporting signal score
- 2,125.36
- Event
- hyperammonaemic encephalopathy
- Reports
- 341
- Reporting signal score
- 1,248.9
- Event
- injection site pain
- Reports
- 3
- Reporting signal score
- 211.456
- Event
- multiple-drug resistance
- Reports
- 134
- Reporting signal score
- 352.64
- Event
- neuroleptic malignant syndrome
- Reports
- 289
- Reporting signal score
- 504.526
- Event
- parkinsonism
- Reports
- 219
- Reporting signal score
- 405.456
- Event
- petit mal epilepsy
- Reports
- 109
- Reporting signal score
- 217.739
- Event
- sedation
- Reports
- 252
- Reporting signal score
- 325.452
And 8 more, listed on the interactive page.
- NCT00000629
- NCT00289952
- NCT00312546
- NCT00614458
- NCT00004758
- NCT00088452
- NCT00175903
- NCT00264680
- NCT00385411
- NCT02899611
- NCT04967326
- NCT05641649
- NCT05697614
- NCT00057681
- NCT00221403
- NCT00261443
- NCT00431522
- NCT00484471
- NCT00563992
- NCT00665366
- NCT01188265
- NCT01543139
- NCT01674010
- NCT01893229
- NCT02456454
And 83 more, listed on the interactive page.
- Dose
- 10 to 15 mg/kg/day
- Route
- Oral
- How often
- Once daily, increasing weekly by 5 to 10 mg/kg until seizure control or side effects occur
- Divide doses if >250 mg
- Increase by 5-10 mg/kg/week
- Max dose 60 mg/kg/day
- Start at 10-15 mg/kg/day
- Hydrogen bond acceptors
- 1
- Hydrogen bond donors
- 1
- Polar surface area
- 37.3
- Calculated partition coefficient (ALogP)
- 2.29
- Calculated partition coefficient (XLogP)
- 2.8
- Prodrug
- No
- Chirality
- Achiral
- Inorganic
- No
- Rule-of-five violations
- 0
- Rotatable bonds
- 5
- Heavy atoms
- 10
- Molecular formula
- C8H16O2
- Monoisotopic mass
- 144.115029749
- Natural product
- Yes
- 0116-4021
- 0121-0675
- 0121-1350
- 0121-4675
- 0591-4012
- 0615-8205
- 0832-0310
- 0904-7620
- 0904-7621
- 43353-085
- 43353-279
- 60687-942
- 60687-953
- 62135-196
- 62135-874
- 62559-266
- 68999-196
- 68999-874
- 69452-150
- 70752-202
- 71610-906
- 72189-010
- 72603-253
- 81033-266
- 17856-0152
And 5 more, listed on the interactive page.
- Recorded assays
- 9,133
- Active assays
- 44
- Confirmatory
- Other
- Anticonvulsants
- Enzyme Inhibitors
- GABA Agents
- Antimanic Agents
Distribution coefficient (LogD)
- Median
- 1.04
- Mean
- 1.04
- Minimum
- 1.04
- Maximum
- 1.04
- Unit
- unitless
- Assays
- 1
- Standard deviation
- 0
- Summary method
- median
- Censored results excluded
- 0
- Other units excluded
- 0
- Unknown units excluded
- 0
Measurement types
- LogD
Solubility
- Median
- 1,300
- Mean
- 1,300
- Minimum
- 1,300
- Maximum
- 1,300
- Unit
- ug/mL
- Assays
- 1
- Standard deviation
- 0
- Summary method
- median
- Censored results excluded
- 0
- Other units excluded
- 0
- Unknown units excluded
- 0
Measurement types
- Solubility
Liver toxicity assay
- Median
- 11,730
- Mean
- 11,730
- Minimum
- 11,730
- Maximum
- 11,730
- Unit
- nM
- Assays
- 1
- Standard deviation
- 0
- Summary method
- median
- Censored results excluded
- 0
- Other units excluded
- 0
- Unknown units excluded
- 0
Measurement types
- EC50
Oral bioavailability
- Median
- 90
- Mean
- 90
- Minimum
- 90
- Maximum
- 90
- Unit
- %
- Assays
- 1
- Standard deviation
- 0
- Summary method
- median
- Censored results excluded
- 0
- Other units excluded
- 0
- Unknown units excluded
- 0
Measurement types
- F
Related records
Trials (188)
- A Cross-sectional Study to Investigate the Effect of Topiramate on Bone and Mineral Metabolism in Female Participants With Epilepsy
- A Dose Ranging Pilot Study for Intracerebroventricular (ICV) Delivery of Valproate in Subjects With Temporal Seizures
- A Pharmacokinetic Study to Compare the Dosing of Valproic Acid in Subjects With Different Body Weights
- A Phase II Study of Doxorubicin, Cyclophosphamide and Vindesine With Valproic Acid in Patients With Refractory or Relapsing Small Cell Lung Cancer After Platinum Derivatives and Etoposide
- A Phase II Trial of Valproic Acid in Patients With Advanced Thyroid Cancers of Follicular Cell Origin
- A Study of Imatinib and Valproic Acid in Patients With Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
- A Study of the Effectiveness and Safety of Topiramate Compared With a Standard Therapy in Patients Newly Diagnosed With Epilepsy
- A Study of the Effectiveness of Risk Minimization Measures Related to Depakine® (Sodium Valproate) in Saudi Arabia
- A Study on the Effects of Valproate on the Pharmacokinetics of RO4917838 in Healthy Volunteers
- A Study to Assess the Long-term Safety of KarXT for the Treatment of Manic Episodes in Bipolar-I Disorder (BALSAM-3)
- A Study to Evaluate the Effects of Lithium, Valproic Acid, and Lamotrigine on the Pharmacokinetics of KarXT and Effects of KarXT on the Pharmacokinetics of Lithium, Valproic Acid, and Lamotrigine in Healthy Participants
- A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of Valproic Acid in Healthy Volunteers (Part 1)
- A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of Valproic Acid in Trauma Patients(Part 2)
- A Study to Investigate Treatment of HU and VPA, or 6-MP and VPA in Unfit AML/HR-MDS Patients
- ABLE: Abilify in Bipolar Disorder for Long-term Effectiveness
- Add-on Dextromethorphan in Bipolar Disorders
- Adjuvant Valproate for High Grade Sarcomas
- An Evaluation of Divalproex vs. Olanzapine for Alcohol Abuse Relapse Prevention in Patients With Bipolar Disorder
- An International Clinical Program for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Children With Ependymoma
- Anti-Epilepsy Medication Valproate Administered Via ICV Route and Catheters and Pumps for CSF Infusion
Approved for (8)
- Bipolar depression
- Bipolar disorder
- Childhood absence epilepsy
- Complex partial epilepsy
- Epilepsy
- Juvenile absence epilepsy
- Mitochondrial disease
- Visual epilepsy
In development for (99)
- Acute graft versus host disease Phase 2
- Acute kidney injury Phase 2
- Acute leukemia Phase 1
- Acute myeloid leukemia Phase 2
- Alcohol abuse Phase 3
- Alcohol dependence Phase 3
- Alzheimer disease Phase 3
- Amblyopia Phase 1
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Phase 3
- Anaplastic astrocytoma Phase 1
- Androgenetic alopecia Phase 2
- Anxiety Phase 3
- Autism Phase 3
- Autism spectrum disorder Phase 2
- Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome Phase 1
- B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia Phase 2
- Bone sarcoma Phase 1
- Brain injury Phase 1
- Brain neoplasm Phase 2
- Breast cancer Phase 2
Other linked conditions (7)
- Alcohol withdrawal
- Idiopathic generalized epilepsy
- Kaposi's sarcoma
- Metabolic disease
- Spinal muscular atrophy, type 1
- Subarachnoid hemorrhage
- Substance withdrawal syndrome