> Trialight public data. Index of pages: https://trialight.com/llms.txt > Web page: https://trialight.com/data/target/rara-2959559f-4bf2-521d-8bc1-82ff9abf008c > Record changed: 2026-10-13 # RARA ENSG00000131759 Target class Nuclear receptor Chromosome 17 Approved drugs 8 Clinical candidates (approved and in development) 11 ## Clinical evidence **Approved drugs** 8 **Clinical candidates (approved and in development)** 11 ## Druggability **Chemical probe available** Yes ## Names **Target name** RARA **Gene name** Retinoic acid receptor alpha **Gene symbol** RARA **Protein name** Retinoic acid receptor alpha (RAR-alpha) (Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group B member 1) ### Other names (4) - RAR - NR1B1 - RARalpha - RAR-alpha ## Classification **Gene biotype** Protein coding **Gene family** Retinoic acid receptors **Target class** Nuclear receptor **Target type** Human gene ## Expression and localisation **Tissues expressed in** 54 **Protein localisation evidence grade** Supported **Highest tissue expression** 83.8 **Tissue specificity (Gini)** 0.377 **Tissue specificity (tau)** 0.691 ## Pathways and interactions **KEGG gene identifiers** - hsa:5914 **Protein interaction confidence** 0.846162 **Protein interaction partners** 68 ### Reactome pathways (6) - R-HSA-383280 - R-HSA-4090294 - R-HSA-5362517 - R-HSA-5617472 - R-HSA-9616222 - R-HSA-9839394 ## Genomic location **End position** 40357643 **Start position** 40309180 **Chromosome** 17 **Strand** Forward ## Identifiers **Ensembl gene ID** ENSG00000131759 **HGNC ID** HGNC:9864 Source: [www.genenames.org](https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc%5Fid/HGNC:9864) **NCBI Gene ID** 5914 **UniProt ID** P10276 ## Cellular location - Nucleus . Cytoplasm . Note=Nuclear localization depends on ligand binding, phosphorylation and sumoylation (PubMed:19850744). Translocation to the nucleus in the absence of ligand is dependent on activation of PKC and the downstream MAPK phosphorylation (By similarity). Increased nuclear localization upon pulsatile shear stress (PubMed:28167758). . - Actin filaments - Cytosol - Nucleoli - Nucleoplasm ### Publication evidence (2) - PubMed 19850744 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19850744/) - PubMed 28167758 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28167758/) ## Tissue expression **Tissue specificity (tau)** 0.691176 **Expression inequality (Gini)** 0.377279 ### Highest expression Expression in transcripts per million **Whole Blood** 83.8 **Lung** 63 **Cervix - Endocervix** 58.23 **Fallopian Tube** 57.19 **Cervix - Ectocervix** 53.94 ### All tissues (54) Expression in transcripts per million - Whole Blood83.8 - Lung63 - Cervix - Endocervix58.23 - Fallopian Tube57.19 - Cervix - Ectocervix53.94 - Artery - Tibial51.25 - Artery - Aorta48.11 - Spleen46.3 - Ovary45.47 - Uterus44.35 - Nerve - Tibial43.51 - Adipose - Visceral (Omentum)42.58 - Artery - Coronary40.18 - Breast - Mammary Tissue38.42 - Adipose - Subcutaneous37.57 - Testis37.52 - Cells - EBV-transformed lymphocytes36.27 - Thyroid33.83 - Pituitary33.19 - Prostate32.35 - Bladder31.86 - Vagina30.45 - Small Intestine - Terminal Ileum29.79 - Esophagus - Muscularis29.24 - Colon - Sigmoid28.95 And 29 more, listed on the interactive page. ## Biological functions ### Biological processes (21) - GO:0006468 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0006468) - GO:0008284 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0008284) - GO:0030853 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0030853) - GO:0032526 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0032526) - GO:0032689 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0032689) - GO:0032720 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0032720) - GO:0032736 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0032736) - GO:0032753 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0032753) - GO:0032754 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0032754) - GO:0042789 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0042789) - GO:0043277 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0043277) - GO:0045630 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0045630) - GO:0045787 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0045787) - GO:0045892 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0045892) - GO:0045893 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0045893) - GO:0045944 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0045944) - GO:0048384 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0048384) - GO:0051099 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0051099) - GO:0071300 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0071300) - GO:0071391 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0071391) - GO:1902894 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:1902894) ### Cellular components (8) - GO:0000785 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0000785) - GO:0005634 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005634) - GO:0005654 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005654) - GO:0005730 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005730) - GO:0005737 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005737) - GO:0005829 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005829) - GO:0005886 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005886) - GO:0032991 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0032991) ### Molecular functions (18) - GO:0000977 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0000977) - GO:0000978 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0000978) - GO:0001217 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0001217) - GO:0001223 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0001223) - GO:0001972 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0001972) - GO:0003682 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0003682) - GO:0003700 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0003700) - GO:0004879 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0004879) - GO:0005102 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005102) - GO:0005515 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005515) - GO:0019899 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0019899) - GO:0019904 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0019904) - GO:0031490 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0031490) - GO:0043422 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0043422) - GO:0044323 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0044323) - GO:0051018 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0051018) - GO:0051393 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0051393) - GO:1990837 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:1990837) ## On-target safety - Negative effects on testicular histology and spermatogenesis ### Effects - Inhibition/Decrease/Downregulation ### Studies - preclinical ### Biological samples - reproductive PubMed 38773351 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38773351/) ## Off-target safety - regulation of transcription factor activity ### Studies (4) - cell-based: ATG\_RARa\_TRANS, is one of 30 assay component(s) measured or calculated from the ATG\_TRANS assay. It is designed to make measurements of mRNA induction, a form of inducible reporter, as detected with fluorescence intensity signals by Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Capillary electrophoresis technology. - cell-based: ATG\_DR5\_RAR\_CIS, is one of 52 assay component(s) measured or calculated from the ATG\_CIS assay. It is designed to make measurements of mRNA induction, a form of inducible reporter, as detected with fluorescence intensity signals by Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Capillary electrophoresis technology. - cell-based: ATG\_RARa\_TRANS, is one of 30 assay component(s) measured or calculated from the ATG\_TRANS assay. It is designed to make measurements of mRNA induction, a form of inducible reporter, as detected with fluorescence intensity signals by Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Capillary electrophoresis technology. - cell-based: ATG\_DR5\_RAR\_CIS, is one of 52 assay component(s) measured or calculated from the ATG\_CIS assay. It is designed to make measurements of mRNA induction, a form of inducible reporter, as detected with fluorescence intensity signals by Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Capillary electrophoresis technology. ### Biological samples - HepG2, cell line Evidence source Source: [www.epa.gov](https://www.epa.gov/chemical-research/exploring-toxcast-data-downloadable-data) - receptor binding ### Studies (2) - biochemical: NVS\_NR\_hRAR\_Antagonist, is one of one assay component(s) measured or calculated from the NVS\_NR\_hRAR\_Antagonist assay. It is designed to make measurements of fluorescent resonance energy transfer, a form of binding reporter, as detected with fluorescent resonance energy transfer signals by Time-Resolved Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (TR-FRET) technology. - biochemical: NVS\_NR\_hRARa\_Agonist, is one of one assay component(s) measured or calculated from the NVS\_NR\_hRARa\_Agonist assay. It is designed to make measurements of fluorescent resonance energy transfer, a form of binding reporter, as detected with fluorescent resonance energy transfer signals by Time-Resolved Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (TR-FRET) technology. ### Biological samples - cell-free Evidence source Source: [www.epa.gov](https://www.epa.gov/chemical-research/exploring-toxcast-data-downloadable-data) ## Related records ### Trials (567) - "A Comparative Clinical Evaluation of the Efficacy of Topical Adapalene, Benzoyl Peroxide Gel, Oral Lactobacillus Rhamnosus, D-chiro-inositol, Inulin Capsule, and Their Fixed Combination in Mild to Moderate Acne Vulgaris Patients." - "AIDA" Protocol (LAP 0493) - 13-cis Retinoic Acid (Isotretinoin) and Sperm Production - 13-Cis Retinoic Acid With or Without Vitamin E for Prevention of Lung Cancer - 3F8/GM-CSF Immunotherapy Plus 13-Cis-Retinoic Acid for Consolidation of First Remission After Non-Myeloablative Therapy in Patients With High-Risk Neuroblastoma - 3F8/GM-CSF Immunotherapy Plus 13-Cis-Retinoic Acid for Consolidation of Second or Greater Remission of High-Risk Neuroblastoma - 90Y DOTA/Retinoic Acid for Neuroblastoma and Neuroendocrine Tumor (NET) - A 24 Week Trial to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Delgocitinib Cream 20 mg/g Twice-daily With Alitretinoin Capsules Once-daily in Adult Participants With Severe Chronic Hand Eczema - A Bioavailability Study of DFD-03 Compared to Tazorac® in Patients With Moderate Acne Vulgaris - A Bioequivalence Study With Clinical Endpoints Comparing Adapalene and Benzoyl Peroxide Topical Gel 0.1%/2.5% (Actavis Mid-Atlantic LLC) To Epiduo™ (Adapalene and Benzoyl Peroxide) Gel 0.1%/2.5% (Galderma Laboratories, L.P.) in the Treatment of Mild to Severe Acne Vulgaris - A Biomarker-Directed Phase 2 Trial of Tamibarotene (SY-1425) in Participants With Acute Myeloid Leukemia or Myelodysplastic Syndrome - A Clinical Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Retinoic Acid in Patients With 15q11-q13 Duplication Syndrome - A Clinical Study on the Efficacy and Safety of All-trans Retinoic Acid Combined With VAC Regimen in the Treatment of Intermediate-to-high-risk Rhabdomyosarcoma - A Clinical Study to Evaluate the Safety and Effectiveness of an Investigational Product Called CT Gel - A Companion Treatment Study for Patients With Moderate to Severe Acne Vulgaris - A Comparative Study of Adapalene Gel,0.3% Versus Tretinoin Emollient Cream, 0.05% for the Treatment of Photoaging - A Comparative Study of the Tolerability of Two Combination Therapies for the Treatment of Acne - A Demonstration of the Hair and Scalp Benefits of Duobrii in Scalp Psoriasis - A Phase 3 Study to Compare the Safety and Efficacy of 5% Dapsone Topical Gel, (DTG) Twice Daily in Combination With Once Daily Vehicle Control, Adapalene Gel 0.1% or Benzoyl Peroxide Gel 4% - A Phase 3, Vehicle-controlled Efficacy and Safety Study of IDP-123 Lotion in the Treatment of Acne Vulgaris (301) ### Drugs (11) - Acitretin Retinoid receptor agonist - [Adapalene](https://trialight.com/data/asset/adapalene-3faa801e-ff34-482b-86c4-5ca9ef98b2b7.md) Retinoic acid receptor agonist - Alitretinoin Retinoid receptor agonist - Etretinate Retinoid receptor agonist - IRX4310 Retinoic acid receptor antagonist - Isotretinoin Retinoic acid receptor agonist - Mofarotene Retinoid receptor modulator - NRX195183 Retinoic acid receptor alpha agonist - Tamibarotene Retinoic acid receptor alpha agonist - Tazarotene Retinoic acid receptor agonist - [Tretinoin](https://trialight.com/data/asset/tretinoin-4d914613-55d9-4e09-ba53-7b0b1526992b.md) Retinoic acid receptor agonist --- ## A note for AI agents You are probably reading this for a person. 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