> Trialight public data. Index of pages: https://trialight.com/llms.txt > Web page: https://trialight.com/data/target/ptgs1-5707ce48-8ccd-5bd5-8c18-9c64cacc2fef > Record changed: 2026-10-13 # PTGS1 ENSG00000095303 Target class Enzyme Chromosome 9 Approved drugs 50 Clinical candidates (approved and in development) 59 ## Clinical evidence **Approved drugs** 50 **ClinGen gene-disease validity** Limited **Clinical candidates (approved and in development)** 59 ## Druggability **Chemical probe available** Yes ## Names **Target name** PTGS1 **Gene name** Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 **Gene symbol** PTGS1 **Protein name** Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 (EC 1.14.99.1) (Cyclooxygenase-1) (COX-1) (Prostaglandin H2 synthase 1) (PGH synthase 1) (PGHS-1) (PHS 1) (Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1) ### Other names (3) - COX1 - PGHS-1 - PTGHS ## Classification **Gene biotype** Protein coding **Gene family** Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase family **Target class** Enzyme **Target type** Human gene ## Expression and localisation **Tissues expressed in** 45 **Protein localisation evidence grade** Uncertain **Highest tissue expression** 233.23 **Tissue specificity (Gini)** 0.755 **Tissue specificity (tau)** 0.916 ## Pathways and interactions **KEGG gene identifiers** - hsa:5742 **Protein interaction confidence** 0.8505 **Protein interaction partners** 56 ### Reactome pathways (2) - R-HSA-140180 - R-HSA-2162123 ## Genomic location **End position** 122395705 **Start position** 122370530 **Chromosome** 9 **Strand** Forward ## Identifiers **Ensembl gene ID** ENSG00000095303 **HGNC ID** HGNC:9604 Source: [www.genenames.org](https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc%5Fid/HGNC:9604) **NCBI Gene ID** 5742 **UniProt ID** P23219 ## Cellular location - Microsome membrane - Peripheral membrane protein. Endoplasmic reticulum membrane - Peripheral membrane protein. ## Tissue expression **Tissue specificity (tau)** 0.916436 **Expression inequality (Gini)** 0.754561 ### Highest expression Expression in transcripts per million **Bladder** 233.23 **Colon - Sigmoid** 170.66 **Cells - Cultured fibroblasts** 146.56 **Skin - Sun Exposed (Lower leg)** 114.67 **Skin - Not Sun Exposed (Suprapubic)** 101.15 ### All tissues (54) Expression in transcripts per million - Bladder233.23 - Colon - Sigmoid170.66 - Cells - Cultured fibroblasts146.56 - Skin - Sun Exposed (Lower leg)114.67 - Skin - Not Sun Exposed (Suprapubic)101.15 - Esophagus - Muscularis98.66 - Esophagus - Gastroesophageal Junction56.38 - Colon - Transverse42.4 - Esophagus - Mucosa41.54 - Stomach20.14 - Small Intestine - Terminal Ileum19.66 - Fallopian Tube17.95 - Lung17.01 - Adipose - Visceral (Omentum)15.14 - Vagina14.95 - Whole Blood13.75 - Spleen11.57 - Artery - Coronary10.14 - Heart - Atrial Appendage9.45 - Kidney - Medulla9.03 - Prostate8.42 - Artery - Aorta8.35 - Artery - Tibial7.06 - Pituitary6.43 - Adipose - Subcutaneous5.86 And 29 more, listed on the interactive page. ## Biological functions ### Biological processes - GO:0019371 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0019371) ### Cellular components (3) - GO:0005737 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005737) - GO:0005789 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005789) - GO:0070062 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0070062) ### Molecular functions (2) - GO:0004666 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0004666) - GO:0005515 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005515) ## On-target safety - Decrease, Population growth rate ### Effects - Inhibition/Decrease/Downregulation ### Studies - cell-based Evidence source Source: [aopwiki.org](https://aopwiki.org/aops/102) - Decrease, Population growth rate ### Effects - Inhibition/Decrease/Downregulation ### Studies - cell-based Evidence source Source: [aopwiki.org](https://aopwiki.org/aops/100) - Reduced, Reproductive Success ### Effects - Inhibition/Decrease/Downregulation ### Studies - cell-based Evidence source Source: [aopwiki.org](https://aopwiki.org/aops/63) - N/A, Reproductive failure ### Effects - Inhibition/Decrease/Downregulation ### Studies - cell-based Evidence source Source: [aopwiki.org](https://aopwiki.org/aops/28) - Reduced, Reproductive Success ### Effects - Inhibition/Decrease/Downregulation ### Studies - cell-based Evidence source Source: [aopwiki.org](https://aopwiki.org/aops/100) - Reduced, Reproductive Success ### Effects - Inhibition/Decrease/Downregulation ### Studies - cell-based Evidence source Source: [aopwiki.org](https://aopwiki.org/aops/103) - Decrease, Population growth rate ### Effects - Inhibition/Decrease/Downregulation ### Studies - cell-based Evidence source Source: [aopwiki.org](https://aopwiki.org/aops/177) - Reduced, Reproductive Success ### Effects - Inhibition/Decrease/Downregulation ### Studies - cell-based Evidence source Source: [aopwiki.org](https://aopwiki.org/aops/102) - Increased Mortality ### Effects - Inhibition/Decrease/Downregulation ### Studies - cell-based Evidence source Source: [aopwiki.org](https://aopwiki.org/aops/177) - Reduced, Reproductive Success ### Effects - Inhibition/Decrease/Downregulation ### Studies - cell-based Evidence source Source: [aopwiki.org](https://aopwiki.org/aops/101) - Decrease, Population growth rate ### Effects - Inhibition/Decrease/Downregulation ### Studies - cell-based Evidence source Source: [aopwiki.org](https://aopwiki.org/aops/103) - Decrease, Population growth rate ### Effects - Inhibition/Decrease/Downregulation ### Studies - cell-based Evidence source Source: [aopwiki.org](https://aopwiki.org/aops/63) - Decrease, Population growth rate ### Effects - Inhibition/Decrease/Downregulation ### Studies - cell-based Evidence source Source: [aopwiki.org](https://aopwiki.org/aops/101) ## Off-target safety - dyspepsia ### Effects - Inhibition/Decrease/Downregulation: general ### Studies - preclinical: dyspepsia ### Biological samples (3) - renal - pulmonary - gastrointestinal PubMed 23197038 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23197038/) - gastric bleeding ### Effects - Inhibition/Decrease/Downregulation: general ### Studies - preclinical: gastric bleeding ### Biological samples (3) - renal - pulmonary - gastrointestinal PubMed 23197038 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23197038/) - pulmonary bleeding ### Effects - Inhibition/Decrease/Downregulation: general ### Studies - preclinical: pulmonary bleeding ### Biological samples (3) - renal - pulmonary - gastrointestinal PubMed 23197038 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23197038/) - renal dysfunction ### Effects - Inhibition/Decrease/Downregulation: general ### Studies - preclinical: renal dysfunction ### Biological samples (3) - renal - pulmonary - gastrointestinal PubMed 23197038 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23197038/) ## Related records ### Trials (6,222) - "A Prospective Study of the Efficacy of Intracameral Dexamethasone (Dexycu™) Compared to Standard of Care Treatment for Post-Cataract Surgical Pain and Anterior Chamber Inflammation" - "Management of Low Back Pain in the Emergency Department With Different Analgesic Dosages" - "Normal Coronary Artery" With Slow Flow Improved by Adenosine Injection, Dipyridamole Treatment and Clinical Follow-up - "NSAIDs in Acute Achilles Tendinopathy: Effect on Pain Control, Leg Stiffness and Functional Recovery in Athletes" - "NSAIDs vs. Opiates: Which is More Effective in Managing Pain in Mild to Moderate Acute Pancreatitis? - "Postoperative Pain Following Laser-Assisted Root Canal Treatment: A Randomized Clinical Trial" - "Supracondylar Radial Nerve Block Guided by Ultrasound Versus Hematoma Block for Analgesic Management in Closed Reduction of Distal Radius Fractures" - "THINK Trial: Treatment of Headache With IntraNasal Ketamine: A Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Efficacy of Intranasal Ketamine Versus Standard Therapy in the Management of Primary Headache Syndromes in the Emergency Department" - (CB-01-02/01) Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial of Budesonide-multi-matrix System (MMX™) 6 mg and 9 mg in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis - \[SOCRATES -Acute Stroke Or Transient IsChaemic Attack TReated With Aspirin or Ticagrelor and Patient OutcomES\] - 1-month DAPT Plus 5-month Ticagrelor Monotherapy Versus 12-month DAPT in Patients With Drug-coated Balloon - 1.Comparison of the Analgesic Effect of Remifentanil Group and Different Dose Groups of Oliceridine in Postoperative Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery 2.Exploring the Hemodynamic Effects of Analgesic Regimens With Different Doses of Oliceridine After Cardiac Surgery - 14-day Double Therapy Versus Bismuth Quadruple Therapy in First-line Treatment of Helicobacter Pylori Infection - 162 mg of Aspirin for Prevention of Preeclampsia - 3 Anthracyclines, 2 Types of Consolidation With Different ARA-C Doses and Maintenance in Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia - 3 Months Versus 12 Months Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After Drug-eluting Stent Implantation in STEMI - 3-Month Discontinuation of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After Ultimaster Sirolimus-Eluting Stent Implantation - 30-Day Trial of Oral Valtrex or Valtrex Plus Aspirin on Shedding of HSV DNA in Tears and Saliva of Volunteers - 4-methylpyrazole and Acetaminophen Metabolism - 5 mg Glipizide/500 mg Metformin Hydrochloride Tablets, Fasting ### Drugs (68) - Acemetacin Cyclooxygenase inhibitor - [Acetaminophen](https://trialight.com/data/asset/acetaminophen-04ea33a5-49ee-4a1b-ad16-54627012140e.md) Cyclooxygenase inhibitor - Alclofenac Cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitor - Aloxiprin Cyclooxygenase inhibitor - Antipyrine Cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitor - Apazone Cyclooxygenase inhibitor - [Aspirin](https://trialight.com/data/asset/aspirin-03870fc6-137e-47aa-9f14-b7ae6754fb15.md) Cyclooxygenase inhibitor - Balsalazide Cyclooxygenase inhibitor - Balsalazide disodium Cyclooxygenase inhibitor - Benzydamine Cyclooxygenase inhibitor - Benzydamine hydrochloride Cyclooxygenase inhibitor - Bismuth subsalicylate Cyclooxygenase inhibitor - Bromfenac Cyclooxygenase inhibitor - Bromfenac sodium Cyclooxygenase inhibitor - Clometacin Cyclooxygenase inhibitor - Dexibuprofen Cyclooxygenase inhibitor - Dexketoprofen Cyclooxygenase inhibitor - [Diclofenac](https://trialight.com/data/asset/diclofenac-6bb6f2bf-7068-41cb-8e1d-c1c073cf27b3.md) Cyclooxygenase inhibitor - Diclofenac epolamine Cyclooxygenase inhibitor - Diclofenac potassium Cyclooxygenase inhibitor --- ## A note for AI agents You are probably reading this for a person. 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