> Trialight public data. Index of pages: https://trialight.com/llms.txt > Web page: https://trialight.com/data/target/pparg-efd9960e-c811-54c0-8e94-3aff7df24f48 > Record changed: 2026-11-04 # PPARG ENSG00000132170 Target class Nuclear receptor Chromosome 3 Approved drugs 7 Clinical candidates (approved and in development) 36 ## Clinical evidence **Approved drugs** 7 **ClinGen gene-disease validity** Definitive **Clinical candidates (approved and in development)** 36 ## Druggability **Chemical probe available** Yes ## Names **Target name** PPARG **Gene name** Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma **Gene symbol** PPARG **Protein name** Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) (Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group C member 3) ### Other names (4) - PPARG1 - PPARG2 - NR1C3 - PPARgamma ## Classification **Gene biotype** Protein coding **Gene family** Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors **Target class** Nuclear receptor **Target type** Human gene ## Expression and localisation **Tissues expressed in** 48 **Protein localisation evidence grade** Enhanced **Highest tissue expression** 111.14 **Tissue specificity (Gini)** 0.647 **Tissue specificity (tau)** 0.914 ## Pathways and interactions **KEGG gene identifiers** - hsa:5468 **Protein interaction confidence** 0.850071 **Protein interaction partners** 168 ### Reactome pathways (7) - R-HSA-1989781 - R-HSA-381340 - R-HSA-383280 - R-HSA-4090294 - R-HSA-8943724 - R-HSA-9022707 - R-HSA-9844594 ## Genomic location **End position** 12434574 **Start position** 12287368 **Chromosome** 3 **Strand** Forward ## Identifiers **Ensembl gene ID** ENSG00000132170 **HGNC ID** HGNC:9236 Source: [www.genenames.org](https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc%5Fid/HGNC:9236) **NCBI Gene ID** 5468 **UniProt ID** P37231 ## Cellular location - Nucleus . Cytoplasm . Note=Redistributed from the nucleus to the cytosol through a MAP2K1/MEK1-dependent manner (PubMed:17101779). NOCT enhances its nuclear translocation (By similarity). . - SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: \[Isoform 2\]: Nucleus . - Nucleoplasm - Vesicles ### Publication evidence (2) - PubMed 17101779 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17101779/) - PubMed 23525231 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23525231/) ## Tissue expression **Tissue specificity (tau)** 0.914286 **Expression inequality (Gini)** 0.646805 ### Highest expression Expression in transcripts per million **Adipose - Subcutaneous** 111.14 **Adipose - Visceral (Omentum)** 100.82 **Breast - Mammary Tissue** 71.26 **Colon - Transverse** 21.58 **Cells - Cultured fibroblasts** 20.42 ### All tissues (54) Expression in transcripts per million - Adipose - Subcutaneous111.14 - Adipose - Visceral (Omentum)100.82 - Breast - Mammary Tissue71.26 - Colon - Transverse21.58 - Cells - Cultured fibroblasts20.42 - Lung19.46 - Thyroid18.51 - Ovary17.47 - Bladder15.31 - Cervix - Ectocervix14.11 - Nerve - Tibial13.79 - Artery - Coronary11.62 - Spleen11.03 - Uterus10.76 - Stomach10.46 - Vagina9.38 - Small Intestine - Terminal Ileum9.24 - Cervix - Endocervix8.18 - Kidney - Medulla8.15 - Fallopian Tube7.9 - Kidney - Cortex7.85 - Testis7.02 - Skin - Sun Exposed (Lower leg)6.02 - Colon - Sigmoid5.92 - Prostate5.36 And 29 more, listed on the interactive page. ## Biological functions ### Biological processes (44) - GO:0000122 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0000122) - GO:0007584 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0007584) - GO:0008217 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0008217) - GO:0010628 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0010628) - GO:0010629 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0010629) - GO:0010745 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0010745) - GO:0010875 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0010875) - GO:0010887 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0010887) - GO:0016525 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0016525) - GO:0030224 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0030224) - GO:0030509 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0030509) - GO:0030512 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0030512) - GO:0030514 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0030514) - GO:0032376 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0032376) - GO:0032869 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0032869) - GO:0035357 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0035357) - GO:0042593 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0042593) - GO:0042789 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0042789) - GO:0043409 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0043409) - GO:0043537 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0043537) - GO:0045087 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0045087) - GO:0045668 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0045668) - GO:0045834 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0045834) - GO:0045893 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0045893) - GO:0045944 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0045944) And 19 more, listed on the interactive page. ### Cellular components (5) - GO:0005634 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005634) - GO:0005654 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005654) - GO:0005737 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005737) - GO:0043235 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0043235) - GO:0090575 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0090575) ### Molecular functions (24) - GO:0000976 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0000976) - GO:0000978 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0000978) - GO:0001221 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0001221) - GO:0001228 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0001228) - GO:0003676 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0003676) - GO:0003677 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0003677) - GO:0003690 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0003690) - GO:0003700 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0003700) - GO:0004879 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0004879) - GO:0004955 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0004955) - GO:0005515 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005515) - GO:0008270 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0008270) - GO:0019899 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0019899) - GO:0042277 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0042277) - GO:0042802 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0042802) - GO:0043565 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0043565) - GO:0046965 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0046965) - GO:0050692 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0050692) - GO:0050693 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0050693) - GO:0050699 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0050699) - GO:0051393 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0051393) - GO:0070412 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0070412) - GO:0097677 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0097677) - GO:0140297 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0140297) ## On-target safety - increased inflammation ### Effects - Inhibition/Decrease/Downregulation: acute ### Studies - preclinical: increased inflammation ### Biological samples (3) - renal - immune - cardiovascular PubMed 28216264 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28216264/) - Increased, Liver Steatosis ### Studies - cell-based Evidence source Source: [aopwiki.org](https://aopwiki.org/aops/58) - increased heart weight ### Effects - Activation/Increase/Upregulation: acute ### Studies - preclinical: increased heart weight ### Biological samples (3) - renal - immune - cardiovascular PubMed 28216264 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28216264/) - heart failure ### Effects - Activation/Increase/Upregulation: acute ### Studies - preclinical: heart failure ### Biological samples (3) - renal - immune - cardiovascular PubMed 28216264 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28216264/) - increased plasma volume ### Effects - Activation/Increase/Upregulation: acute ### Studies - preclinical: increased plasma volume ### Biological samples (3) - renal - immune - cardiovascular PubMed 28216264 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28216264/) - decreased inflammation ### Effects - Activation/Increase/Upregulation: acute ### Studies - preclinical: decreased inflammation ### Biological samples (3) - renal - immune - cardiovascular PubMed 28216264 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28216264/) - increased body weight ### Effects - Activation/Increase/Upregulation: acute ### Studies - preclinical: increased body weight ### Biological samples (3) - renal - immune - cardiovascular PubMed 28216264 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28216264/) - decreased urinary sodium excretion ### Effects - Activation/Increase/Upregulation: acute ### Studies - preclinical: decreased urinary sodium excretion ### Biological samples (3) - renal - immune - cardiovascular PubMed 28216264 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28216264/) - decreased platelet aggregation ### Effects - Activation/Increase/Upregulation: acute ### Studies - preclinical: decreased platelet aggregation ### Biological samples (3) - renal - immune - cardiovascular PubMed 28216264 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28216264/) - obesity ### Effects - Activation/Increase/Upregulation ### Studies - cell-based Evidence source Source: [aopwiki.org](https://aopwiki.org/aops/72) - decreased blood glucose ### Effects - Activation/Increase/Upregulation: acute ### Studies - preclinical: decreased blood glucose ### Biological samples (3) - renal - immune - cardiovascular PubMed 28216264 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28216264/) - decreased urine excretion ### Effects - Activation/Increase/Upregulation: acute ### Studies - preclinical: decreased urine excretion ### Biological samples (3) - renal - immune - cardiovascular PubMed 28216264 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28216264/) - N/A, Liver Steatosis ### Studies - cell-based Evidence source Source: [aopwiki.org](https://aopwiki.org/aops/34) - Increased, Liver Steatosis ### Studies - cell-based Evidence source Source: [aopwiki.org](https://aopwiki.org/aops/36) - increased water retention ### Effects - Activation/Increase/Upregulation: acute ### Studies - preclinical: increased water retention ### Biological samples (3) - renal - immune - cardiovascular PubMed 28216264 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28216264/) ## Off-target safety - receptor binding ### Studies - biochemical: NVS\_NR\_hPPARg, is one of one assay component(s) measured or calculated from the NVS\_NR\_hPPARg assay. It is designed to make measurements of fluorescent polarization, a form of binding reporter, as detected with fluorescence polarization signals by Fluorescence Polarization technology. ### Biological samples - cell-free Evidence source Source: [www.epa.gov](https://www.epa.gov/chemical-research/exploring-toxcast-data-downloadable-data) - regulation of transcription factor activity ### Studies (5) - cell-based: ATG\_PPARg\_TRANS, is one of 30 assay component(s) measured or calculated from the ATG\_TRANS assay. It is designed to make measurements of mRNA induction, a form of inducible reporter, as detected with fluorescence intensity signals by Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Capillary electrophoresis technology. - cell-based: ATG\_PPRE\_CIS, is one of 52 assay component(s) measured or calculated from the ATG\_CIS assay. It is designed to make measurements of mRNA induction, a form of inducible reporter, as detected with fluorescence intensity signals by Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Capillary electrophoresis technology. - cell-based: TOX21\_PPARg\_BLA\_Agonist\_ratio is an assay readout measuring reporter gene via receptor activity and designed using inducible reporter (beta lactamase induction) detected with GAL4 b-lactamase reporter gene. The signal is derived from the ratio of cleaved (ch2) to uncleaved (ch1) reporter gene substrate used as the measure of target activity.. - cell-based: ATG\_PPRE\_CIS, is one of 52 assay component(s) measured or calculated from the ATG\_CIS assay. It is designed to make measurements of mRNA induction, a form of inducible reporter, as detected with fluorescence intensity signals by Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Capillary electrophoresis technology. - cell-based: TOX21\_PPARg\_BLA\_Antagonist\_ratio is an assay readout measuring reporter gene via receptor activity and designed using inducible reporter (beta lactamase induction) detected with GAL4 b-lactamase reporter gene. The signal is derived from the ratio of cleaved (ch2) to uncleaved (ch1) reporter gene substrate used as the measure of target activity. ### Biological samples (3) - HEK293, cell line - HEK293T, cell line - HepG2, cell line Evidence source Source: [www.epa.gov](https://www.epa.gov/chemical-research/exploring-toxcast-data-downloadable-data) - protein stabilization ### Studies (2) - cell-based: OT\_PPARg\_PPARgSRC1\_0480, is one of one assay component(s) measured or calculated from the OT\_PPARg\_PPARgSRC1\_0480 assay. It is designed to make measurements of protein fragment complementation, a form of binding reporter, as detected with fluorescence intensity signals by Protein-fragment Complementation technology. - cell-based: OT\_PPARg\_PPARgSRC1\_1440, is one of one assay component(s) measured or calculated from the OT\_PPARg\_PPARgSRC1\_1440 assay. It is designed to make measurements of protein fragment complementation, a form of binding reporter, as detected with fluorescence intensity signals by Protein-fragment Complementation technology. ### Biological samples - HEK293T, cell line Evidence source Source: [www.epa.gov](https://www.epa.gov/chemical-research/exploring-toxcast-data-downloadable-data) ## Related records ### Trials (1,509) - "NSAIDs in Acute Achilles Tendinopathy: Effect on Pain Control, Leg Stiffness and Functional Recovery in Athletes" - "Pecos" B-adrenergic and PPAR-G Stimulation Upregulates Lipid Metabolism in Human Subcutaneous Fat - "Supracondylar Radial Nerve Block Guided by Ultrasound Versus Hematoma Block for Analgesic Management in Closed Reduction of Distal Radius Fractures" - "TAKE TIME" Pioglitazone Reverses Defects in Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Patients With T2DM - (CB-01-02/01) Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial of Budesonide-multi-matrix System (MMX™) 6 mg and 9 mg in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis - 11ß-HSD1 and Metabolic Syndrome - 24-Hour Glycemia: Rosiglitazone Versus Glimepiride In Type 2 Diabetes - 30 Week Parallel Group Comparison Study of Linagliptin + Pioglitazone (5+15, 5+30 and 5+45 mg) qd Versus Respective Monotherapies, Followed by a Comparison of 5mg+30mg and 5mg+45mg Versus Respective Monotherapies in Type 2 Diabetes for up to 54 Weeks - 30-Week Extension to an Initial Combination Study (24 Weeks in Duration) of Sitagliptin With Pioglitazone (0431-064) - 7 cm vs. 5 cm Pancreatic Stents for the Prevention of Post-ERCP Pancreatitis in High-risk Patients - A 24 Week, Multicenter, Prospective, Open-labeled, Single-arm, Exploratory Phase 4 Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Lobeglitazone in Decreasing Intrahepatic Fat Contents in Type 2 Diabetes With NAFLD - A BE Study Comparing Mesalamine 400 mg to ASACOL® 400 mg in Patients With Mild To Moderately Active Ulcerative Colitis - A Bioequivalence Study Using Clinical Endpoint for Diclofenac Sodium Gel 1% in Osteoarthritis Knee" - A Clinical Pharmacology Study of Bardoxolone Methyl in Healthy Adults - A Clinical Study in Male Pediatric Patients With Cerebral X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy (Cald) to Assess the Effects of MIN-102 Treatment on Disease Progression Prior to Human Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT) - A Clinical Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Leriglitazone in Adult Male Subjects With Cerebral Adrenoleukodystrophy - A Clinical Study to Evaluate the Effect of MIN-102 on the Progression of Friedreich's Ataxia in Male and Female Patients - A Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of MIN-102 (IMP) in Male AMN Patients - A Clinical Trial to Compare Safety and Effectiveness for Relieving Tenderness of 10% Naproxen Gel vs. a 2.32% Diclofenac Diethylamine Gel in the Treatment of Strains and Bruises of the Legs. - A Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy, Tolerability, and Safety of a Fixed Dose Combination of Spironolactone, Pioglitazone & Metformin (SPIOMET) in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) ### Drugs (56) - Aleglitazar Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist - Arhalofenate Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma modulator - ATX08-001 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma modulator - AVE0847 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist - Balaglitazone Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma partial agonist - Balsalazide Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist - Balsalazide disodium Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist - Bardoxolone - Bardoxolone methyl Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma antagonist - Bexarotene - Bezafibrate Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonist - Chiglitazar Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonist - Ciglitazone - CLX-0921 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist - DB959 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist - [Diclofenac](https://trialight.com/data/asset/diclofenac-6bb6f2bf-7068-41cb-8e1d-c1c073cf27b3.md) - Edaglitazone - Efatutazone Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist - Efatutazone hydrochloride Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist - Elafibranor --- ## A note for AI agents You are probably reading this for a person. 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