> Trialight public data. Index of pages: https://trialight.com/llms.txt > Web page: https://trialight.com/data/target/parp1-78c558f2-1477-56b9-9f9f-c1e925a07421 > Record changed: 2026-10-13 # PARP1 ENSG00000143799 Target class Enzyme Chromosome 1 Approved drugs 7 Clinical candidates (approved and in development) 13 ## Clinical evidence **Approved drugs** 7 **Clinical candidates (approved and in development)** 13 ## Druggability **Chemical probe available** Yes ## Names **Target name** PARP1 **Gene name** Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 **Gene symbol** PARP1 **Protein name** Poly \[ADP-ribose\] polymerase 1 (PARP-1) (EC 2.4.2.30) (ADP-ribosyltransferase diphtheria toxin-like 1) (ARTD1) (DNA ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP1) (EC 2.4.2.-) (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase 1) (ADPRT 1) (Poly\[ADP-ribose\] synthase 1) (Protein poly-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP1) (EC 2.4.2.-) \[Cleaved into: Poly \[ADP-ribose\] polymerase 1, processed C-terminus (Poly \[ADP-ribose\] polymerase 1, 89-kDa form); Poly \[ADP-ribose\] polymerase 1, processed N-terminus (NT-PARP-1) (Poly \[ADP-ribose\] polymerase 1, 24-kDa form) (Poly \[ADP-ribose\] polymerase 1, 28-kDa form)\] ### Other names (4) - PARP - ARTD1 - Poly-PARP - PARS ### Previous gene symbols (2) - PPOL - ADPRT ## Classification **Gene biotype** Protein coding **Gene family** Zinc fingers PARP-type|Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases **Target class** Enzyme **Target type** Human gene ## Expression and localisation **Tissues expressed in** 54 **Protein localisation evidence grade** Enhanced **Highest tissue expression** 173.97 **Tissue specificity (Gini)** 0.244 **Tissue specificity (tau)** 0.818 ## Pathways and interactions **KEGG gene identifiers** - hsa:142 **Protein interaction confidence** 0.830551 **Protein interaction partners** 158 ### Reactome pathways (8) - R-HSA-110362 - R-HSA-192814 - R-HSA-2173795 - R-HSA-3108214 - R-HSA-5685939 - R-HSA-5696394 - R-HSA-5696395 - R-HSA-5696400 ## Genomic location **End position** 226408154 **Start position** 226360210 **Chromosome** 1 **Strand** Reverse ## Identifiers **Ensembl gene ID** ENSG00000143799 **HGNC ID** HGNC:270 Source: [www.genenames.org](https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc%5Fid/HGNC:270) **NCBI Gene ID** 142 **UniProt ID** P09874 ## Cellular location - Chromosome . Nucleus . Nucleus, nucleolus . Cytoplasm, cytosol . Note=Localizes to sites of DNA damage (PubMed:22683995, PubMed:23230272, PubMed:26344098, PubMed:27568560, PubMed:30675909, PubMed:32241924, PubMed:32358582, PubMed:34625544, PubMed:34795260). Recognizes (via PARP-type zinc-fingers) and binds DNA strand breaks (PubMed:22683995). Also binds normal/undamaged chromatin (PubMed:15607977). Auto poly-ADP-ribosylation promotes dissociation from chromatin (PubMed:15607977, PubMed:30675909, PubMed:32358582, PubMed:34625544). Extracted from chromatin by VCP/p97 following sumoylation and ubiquitination (PubMed:35013556). Translocates from the nucleus to the cytosol following phosphorylation by PRKDC (PubMed:35460603). Recruited to replication forks following interaction with CARM1 (PubMed:33412112). . - SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: \[Poly \[ADP-ribose\] polymerase 1, processed N-terminus\]: Chromosome . Note=Following cleavage by caspase-3 (CASP3) and caspase-7 (CASP7) in response to apoptosis, this cleavage form irreversibly binds to DNA breaks. . - SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: \[Poly \[ADP-ribose\] polymerase 1, processed C-terminus\]: Cytoplasm . Note=Following cleavage by caspase-3 (CASP3) and caspase-7 (CASP7) in response to apoptosis, translocates into the cytoplasm, where the auto-poly-ADP-ribosylated form serves as a poly-ADP-ribose carrier to induce AIFM1-mediated apoptosis. . - Nuclear bodies - Nucleoli - Nucleoli fibrillar center - Nucleoplasm ### Publication evidence (19) - PubMed 15607977 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15607977/) - PubMed 22683995 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22683995/) - PubMed 23230272 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23230272/) - PubMed 26344098 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26344098/) - PubMed 27568560 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27568560/) - PubMed 30675909 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30675909/) - PubMed 32241924 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32241924/) - PubMed 32358582 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32358582/) - PubMed 33412112 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33412112/) - PubMed 34625544 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34625544/) - PubMed 34795260 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34795260/) - PubMed 35013556 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35013556/) - PubMed 17177976 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17177976/) - PubMed 21799911 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21799911/) - PubMed 35460603 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35460603/) - PubMed 9518481 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9518481/) - PubMed 33168626 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33168626/) - PubMed 35104452 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35104452/) - PubMed 9721847 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9721847/) ## Tissue expression **Tissue specificity (tau)** 0.818011 **Expression inequality (Gini)** 0.244244 ### Highest expression Expression in transcripts per million **Cells - EBV-transformed lymphocytes** 173.97 **Brain - Spinal cord (cervical c-1)** 67.59 **Nerve - Tibial** 59.23 **Spleen** 57.1 **Cells - Cultured fibroblasts** 54.22 ### All tissues (54) Expression in transcripts per million - Cells - EBV-transformed lymphocytes173.97 - Brain - Spinal cord (cervical c-1)67.59 - Nerve - Tibial59.23 - Spleen57.1 - Cells - Cultured fibroblasts54.22 - Testis50.25 - Colon - Sigmoid47.29 - Pituitary46.38 - Brain - Cerebellar Hemisphere41.5 - Brain - Cerebellum39.88 - Bladder39.4 - Uterus39.06 - Esophagus - Muscularis36.97 - Cervix - Endocervix36.73 - Small Intestine - Terminal Ileum35.18 - Brain - Frontal Cortex (BA9)34.45 - Esophagus - Gastroesophageal Junction34.35 - Cervix - Ectocervix34.05 - Brain - Cortex33.19 - Brain - Substantia nigra33.14 - Prostate32.02 - Brain - Caudate (basal ganglia)31.37 - Ovary31.23 - Muscle - Skeletal30.9 - Vagina30.84 And 29 more, listed on the interactive page. ## Biological functions ### Biological processes (33) - GO:0000012 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0000012) - GO:0000122 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0000122) - GO:0000723 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0000723) - GO:0006281 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0006281) - GO:0006302 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0006302) - GO:0006366 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0006366) - GO:0006915 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0006915) - GO:0006974 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0006974) - GO:0007005 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0007005) - GO:0030225 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0030225) - GO:0030592 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0030592) - GO:0032042 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0032042) - GO:0032786 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0032786) - GO:0032869 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0032869) - GO:0032880 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0032880) - GO:0034244 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0034244) - GO:0034599 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0034599) - GO:0034644 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0034644) - GO:0036211 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0036211) - GO:0043123 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0043123) - GO:0043504 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0043504) - GO:0045824 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0045824) - GO:0045944 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0045944) - GO:0070212 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0070212) - GO:0070213 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0070213) And 8 more, listed on the interactive page. ### Cellular components (19) - GO:0000781 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0000781) - GO:0000785 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0000785) - GO:0001650 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0001650) - GO:0005634 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005634) - GO:0005635 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005635) - GO:0005654 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005654) - GO:0005667 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005667) - GO:0005694 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005694) - GO:0005730 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005730) - GO:0005737 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005737) - GO:0005739 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005739) - GO:0005829 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005829) - GO:0016020 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0016020) - GO:0016604 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0016604) - GO:0032991 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0032991) - GO:0032993 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0032993) - GO:0035861 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0035861) - GO:0043596 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0043596) - GO:0090734 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0090734) ### Molecular functions (25) - GO:0003677 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0003677) - GO:0003682 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0003682) - GO:0003684 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0003684) - GO:0003723 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0003723) - GO:0003950 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0003950) - GO:0005515 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005515) - GO:0008047 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0008047) - GO:0008270 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0008270) - GO:0019899 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0019899) - GO:0019901 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0019901) - GO:0031491 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0031491) - GO:0042802 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0042802) - GO:0042803 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0042803) - GO:0044378 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0044378) - GO:0061629 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0061629) - GO:0140294 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0140294) - GO:0140805 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0140805) - GO:0140806 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0140806) - GO:0140807 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0140807) - GO:0140808 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0140808) - GO:0140815 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0140815) - GO:0140816 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0140816) - GO:0140817 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0140817) - GO:1990165 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:1990165) - GO:1990404 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:1990404) ## Related records ### Trials (943) - 177Lu-DOTA-TATE and Olaparib in Somatostatin Receptor Positive Tumours - 177Lu-PSMA-617 Therapy and Olaparib in Patients With Metastatic Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer - 177Lu-PSMA, Niraparib/AA Plus Prednisone for Prostate Cancer - A Bioequivalence Study Between the Proposed and Current Talazoparib Capsule Formulation and Food Effect Study for the Proposed Talazoparib Capsule Formulation in Participants With Advanced Solid Tumors - A Bioequivalence Study to Compare Senaparib Manufactured at 2 Sites in Healthy Subjects in Fasting State - A Bioequivalence Study to Evaluate Pharmacokinetics and Safety of BR2022 and BR2022-1 in Patients With Deleterious or Suspected Deleterious Germline BRCA-Mutated Advanced Ovarian Cancer - A Chinese Patent Medicine Yangzhengxiaoji Capsule to Improve the Nausea of Niraparib in the Maintenance Treatment in Ovarian Cancer - A Clinical Study Conducted in Multiple Centers Comparing Veliparib in Combination With Carboplatin and Paclitaxel Versus a Placebo in Combination With Carboplatin and Paclitaxel in Patients With Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer - A Clinical Study Conducted in Multiple Centers Evaluating Escalating Doses of Veliparib in Combination With Capecitabine and Radiation in Patients With Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer - A Clinical Study Evaluating a Combination of Oregovomab and Niraparib in Adult Women With Platinum Sensitive Recurrent Ovarian Cancer. - A Clinical Study Evaluating The Benefit of Adding Rucaparib to Enzalutamide for Men With Metastatic Prostate Cancer That Has Become Resistant To Testosterone-Deprivation Therapy - A Clinical Study of Boserolimab (MK-5890) With Pembrolizumab and Chemotherapy in People With Early Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (MK-5890-003) - A Clinical Study of Cobimetinib Administered in Combination With Niraparib, With or Without Atezolizumab to Patients With Advanced Platinum-sensitive Ovarian Cancer - [A Clinical Study of Sacituzumab Tirumotecan (Sac-TMT, MK-2870) in People With Breast Cancer (MK-2870-032)](https://trialight.com/data/trial/a-clinical-study-of-sacituzumab-tirumotecan-sac-tmt-mk-2870-47421f86-889b-4c0b-a65c-14ed97707a1e.md) - A Combination Study of Rucaparib and Atezolizumab in Participants With Advanced Gynecologic Cancers and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer - A Comparison of Platinum-based Therapy With TSR-042 and Niraparib Versus Standard of Care (SOC) Platinum-based Therapy as First-line Treatment of Stage III or IV Nonmucinous Epithelial Ovarian Cancer - A Crossover Bioequivalence Study of Olaparib Tablets, 150 mg (Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d.) and Lynparza® (Olaparib) Tablets 150 mg (AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP), in Patients With Breast Cancer Gene (BRCA) Mutated Ovarian Cancer, Recurrent Ovarian Cancer or Metastatic Breast Cancer - A Dose-escalation Study of the Safety and Pharmacology of DAN-222 in Subjects With Metastatic Breast Cancer - A Dye for the Detection of Cancer of the Tongue and Mouth - A Feasibility Study of Niraparib for Advanced, BRCA1-like, HER2-negative Breast Cancer Patients ### Drugs (14) - 2X-121 Poly \[ADP-ribose\] polymerase-1 inhibitor - Amelparib Poly \[ADP-ribose\] polymerase-1 inhibitor - Amelparib dihydrochloride dihydrate Poly \[ADP-ribose\] polymerase-1 inhibitor - E-7016 PARP 1, 2 and 3 inhibitor - Niraparib Poly \[ADP-ribose\] polymerase-1 inhibitor - Niraparib tosylate monohydrate Poly \[ADP-ribose\] polymerase-1 inhibitor - [Olaparib](https://trialight.com/data/asset/olaparib-3421b73f-1a4f-4337-b6f3-de5feeb57108.md) PARP 1, 2 and 3 inhibitor - Pamiparib Poly \[ADP-ribose\] polymerase-1 inhibitor - Rucaparib PARP 1, 2 and 3 inhibitor - Rucaparib camsylate PARP 1, 2 and 3 inhibitor - [Senaparib](https://trialight.com/data/asset/senaparib-5d728ab4-660f-428a-b890-bbc768e824c5.md) Poly \[ADP-ribose\] polymerase-1 inhibitor - Talazoparib Poly \[ADP-ribose\] polymerase-1 inhibitor - Talazoparib tosylate Poly \[ADP-ribose\] polymerase-1 inhibitor - Veliparib PARP 1, 2 and 3 inhibitor --- ## A note for AI agents You are probably reading this for a person. 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