> Trialight public data. Index of pages: https://trialight.com/llms.txt > Web page: https://trialight.com/data/target/insr-76e92e6a-1d95-5282-9c03-f55293267050 > Record changed: 2026-10-13 # INSR ENSG00000171105 Target class Kinase Chromosome 19 Approved drugs 21 Clinical candidates (approved and in development) 30 ## Clinical evidence **Approved drugs** 21 **ClinGen gene-disease validity** Definitive **Clinical candidates (approved and in development)** 30 ## Druggability **Chemical probe available** Yes ## Names **Other names** - CD220 **Target name** INSR **Gene name** Insulin receptor **Gene symbol** INSR **Protein name** Insulin receptor (IR) (EC 2.7.10.1) (CD antigen CD220) \[Cleaved into: Insulin receptor subunit alpha; Insulin receptor subunit beta\] ## Classification **Gene biotype** Protein coding **Gene family** CD molecules|Fibronectin type III domain containing|Insulin receptor family **Target class** Kinase **Target type** Human gene ## Expression and localisation **Tissues expressed in** 54 **Protein localisation evidence grade** Approved **Highest tissue expression** 90.88 **Tissue specificity (Gini)** 0.349 **Tissue specificity (tau)** 0.767 ## Pathways and interactions **KEGG gene identifiers** - hsa:3643 **Protein interaction confidence** 0.862442 **Protein interaction partners** 77 ### Reactome pathways (6) - R-HSA-6811558 - R-HSA-74713 - R-HSA-74749 - R-HSA-74751 - R-HSA-74752 - R-HSA-77387 ## Genomic location **End position** 7294414 **Start position** 7112255 **Chromosome** 19 **Strand** Reverse ## Identifiers **Ensembl gene ID** ENSG00000171105 **HGNC ID** HGNC:6091 Source: [www.genenames.org](https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc%5Fid/HGNC:6091) **NCBI Gene ID** 3643 **UniProt ID** P06213 ## Cellular location - Cell membrane - Single-pass type I membrane protein . Late endosome . Lysosome . Note=Binding of insulin to INSR induces internalization and lysosomal degradation of the receptor, a means for down-regulating this signaling pathway after stimulation. In the presence of SORL1, internalized INSR molecules are redirected back to the cell surface, thereby preventing their lysosomal catabolism and strengthening insulin signal reception. . - Basal body - Centriolar satellite - Plasma membrane - Primary cilium transition zone - Vesicles ## Tissue expression **Tissue specificity (tau)** 0.766611 **Expression inequality (Gini)** 0.349252 ### Highest expression Expression in transcripts per million **Spleen** 90.88 **Ovary** 80.21 **Uterus** 48.84 **Fallopian Tube** 43.69 **Pancreas** 43.11 ### All tissues (54) Expression in transcripts per million - Spleen90.88 - Ovary80.21 - Uterus48.84 - Fallopian Tube43.69 - Pancreas43.11 - Nerve - Tibial35 - Artery - Aorta32.87 - Cervix - Endocervix32.83 - Cervix - Ectocervix31.16 - Prostate30 - Thyroid29.95 - Pituitary29.47 - Minor Salivary Gland29.44 - Adrenal Gland28.04 - Colon - Sigmoid27.94 - Artery - Tibial27.26 - Bladder26.09 - Brain - Cerebellum24.51 - Breast - Mammary Tissue24.14 - Brain - Cerebellar Hemisphere23.96 - Artery - Coronary23.63 - Esophagus - Muscularis23.61 - Liver22.97 - Colon - Transverse22.17 - Adipose - Subcutaneous21.89 And 29 more, listed on the interactive page. ## Biological functions ### Biological processes (24) - GO:0002092 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0002092) - GO:0003007 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0003007) - GO:0006355 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0006355) - GO:0007186 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0007186) - GO:0007612 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0007612) - GO:0007613 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0007613) - GO:0008284 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0008284) - GO:0008286 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0008286) - GO:0030335 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0030335) - GO:0032869 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0032869) - GO:0042593 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0042593) - GO:0043123 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0043123) - GO:0043410 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0043410) - GO:0045429 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0045429) - GO:0045725 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0045725) - GO:0045821 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0045821) - GO:0045840 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0045840) - GO:0045995 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0045995) - GO:0046326 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0046326) - GO:0046718 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0046718) - GO:0046777 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0046777) - GO:0048639 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0048639) - GO:0051897 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0051897) - GO:0060267 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0060267) ### Cellular components (9) - GO:0005635 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005635) - GO:0005886 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005886) - GO:0005899 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005899) - GO:0005901 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005901) - GO:0010008 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0010008) - GO:0016020 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0016020) - GO:0031981 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0031981) - GO:0043235 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0043235) - GO:0070062 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0070062) ### Molecular functions (16) - GO:0001540 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0001540) - GO:0004713 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0004713) - GO:0005009 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005009) - GO:0005159 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005159) - GO:0005515 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005515) - GO:0005524 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005524) - GO:0005525 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005525) - GO:0019904 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0019904) - GO:0030295 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0030295) - GO:0031994 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0031994) - GO:0031995 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0031995) - GO:0043548 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0043548) - GO:0043559 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0043559) - GO:0043560 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0043560) - GO:0044877 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0044877) - GO:0051425 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0051425) ## On-target safety - cardiac hypertrophy ### Effects - Inhibition/Decrease/Downregulation ### Studies - clinical ### Biological samples - CV PubMed 38773351 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38773351/) - Hyperglycaemia ### Effects - Inhibition/Decrease/Downregulation ### Studies - clinical ### Biological samples - metabolic/endocrine PubMed 38773351 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38773351/) - hyperlipidaemia ### Effects - Inhibition/Decrease/Downregulation ### Studies - clinical PubMed 38773351 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38773351/) - neoplasm/ malignancy ### Effects - Activation/Increase/Upregulation ### Studies - clinical PubMed 38773351 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38773351/) - anxiety ### Effects - Inhibition/Decrease/Downregulation ### Studies - clinical ### Biological samples - CNS PubMed 38773351 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38773351/) - Carcinogenicity ### Effects - Activation/Increase/Upregulation ### Studies - clinical PubMed 38773351 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38773351/) ## Off-target safety - regulation of catalytic activity ### Studies (2) - biochemical: NVS\_ENZ\_hInsR, is one of one assay component(s) measured or calculated from the NVS\_ENZ\_hInsR assay. It is designed to make measurements of enzyme activity, a form of enzyme reporter, as detected with fluorescence intensity signals by Fluorescence and electrophoretic mobility shift technology. - biochemical: NVS\_ENZ\_hInsR, is one of one assay component(s) measured or calculated from the NVS\_ENZ\_hInsR assay. It is designed to make measurements of enzyme activity, a form of enzyme reporter, as detected with fluorescence intensity signals by Fluorescence and electrophoretic mobility shift technology. ### Biological samples - cell-free Evidence source Source: [www.epa.gov](https://www.epa.gov/chemical-research/exploring-toxcast-data-downloadable-data) ## Related records ### Trials (2,194) - 12 Week,Comparing Safety of HMR1964 & Insulin Aspart Used in Continuous Subcutaneous Infusion in Type 1 Diabetes. - 18-Week, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo Controlled, Forced Titration Study of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes - 20 Week Bridging Study in Type II DM - 21 Day Comparison of Continuous Insulin Infusion Using HDV Insulin to Standard Insulin in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus - 24 Hour Plasma Glucose Profiles Comparing Lispro Mix 75/25 vs. Glargine - 24-week Treatment With Lixisenatide in Type 2 Diabetes Insufficiently Controlled With Metformin and Insulin Glargine - 32 Week, Open, Randomized, 2 Way Cross Over Multicentre Trial to Compare Safety & Efficacy of Combination of HOE901 Insulin Analogue Once Daily at Bedtime + Lispro Insulin Before Meals vs NPH Insulin (Twice a Day) + Regular in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus - 5 Versus 10 Units of Insulin in Hyperkalemia Management - 5FU and Octreotide Long-acting Release (LAR) for Neuroendocrine Tumors - 6-month Comparison of Morning Lantus Versus Neutral Protamine Hagedorn Insulin in Young Children With Type 1 Diabetes - A "Real World" Trial to Determine Efficacy and Health Outcomes of Toujeo (ACHIEVE CONTROL REAL LIFE STUDY PROGRAM) - A "Real World" Trial to Determine Efficacy and Health Outcomes of Toujeo Compared to "Standard of Care" Basal Insulin in Patients Already Using Basal Insulin - A "Real World" Trial to Determine Efficacy and Health Outcomes of Toujeo Compared to "Standard of Care" Basal Insulins in Insulin Naïve Patients Initiating Insulin - A 104 Week Clinical Trial Comparing Long Term Glycaemic Control of Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide (IDegLira) Versus Insulin Glargine Therapy in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - A 2-Month Safety Follow-Up Trial - A 24-week Open-Label, Phase 3b Trial With a 28-week Extension to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Saxagliptin Co-administered With Dapagliflozin Compared to Insulin Glargine in Subjects withType 2 Diabetes Who Have Glycemic Control on Metformin - A 26-week Trial Comparing Efficacy and Safety of Insulin Degludec/Insulin Aspart BID and Insulin Degludec OD Plus Insulin Aspart in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated With Basal Insulin in Need of Treatment Intensification With Mealtime Insulin - A 3 Month, Randomized, Open Label, Multi-center Study of Technosphere/Insulin Compared to Insulin Aspart in Subjects With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Receiving Insulin Glargine - A 38 Week Trial Comparing Effect and Safety of Insulin Degludec/Insulin Aspart vs. Insulin Glargine Plus Insulin Aspart in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Basal Insulin With or Without Oral Antidiabetic Treatment in Need of Treatment Intensification - A Bioequivalence Study Comparing Two Different Strengths Formulations of Insulin Lispro in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes ### Drugs (31) - BMS-754807 Insulin receptor inhibitor - Insulin \[INJECTION\], biphasic Insulin receptor agonist - [Insulin aspart](https://trialight.com/data/asset/insulin-aspart-9529afc2-94ce-4698-afa2-4d8067ece4bc.md) Insulin receptor agonist - Insulin aspart protamine recombinant Insulin receptor agonist - [Insulin degludec](https://trialight.com/data/asset/insulin-degludec-80983e6b-a368-4816-829f-a75712c22435.md) Insulin receptor agonist - Insulin detemir Insulin receptor agonist - [Insulin glargine](https://trialight.com/data/asset/insulin-glargine-8aa23d8d-fb05-42b5-b490-2e4b67136155.md) Insulin receptor agonist - Insulin glulisine Insulin receptor agonist - [Insulin human](https://trialight.com/data/asset/insulin-human-99c024c5-521b-478f-a4e1-d5705d2c66d8.md) Insulin receptor agonist - Insulin human zinc Insulin receptor agonist - Insulin human, isophane Insulin receptor agonist - [Insulin icodec](https://trialight.com/data/asset/insulin-icodec-fa77ad93-ab76-47ee-8df1-57e5650af79a.md) Insulin receptor agonist - [Insulin lispro](https://trialight.com/data/asset/insulin-lispro-bbdac1a5-6550-4dba-84b0-ef9312c83b13.md) Insulin receptor agonist - Insulin lispro protamine recombinant Insulin receptor agonist - Insulin peglispro Insulin receptor agonist - Insulin pork Insulin receptor agonist - Insulin purified beef Insulin receptor agonist - Insulin purified pork Insulin receptor agonist - Insulin susp isophane beef Insulin receptor agonist - Insulin susp isophane recombinant human Insulin receptor agonist --- ## A note for AI agents You are probably reading this for a person. 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