> Trialight public data. Index of pages: https://trialight.com/llms.txt
> Web page: https://trialight.com/data/target/hmgb1-609990f9-a51f-5434-a320-3f1c147e1ab7
> Record changed: 2026-11-04

# HMGB1

ENSG00000189403

Target class

Unclassified protein

Chromosome

13

Approved drugs

0

Clinical candidates (approved and in development)

1

## Clinical evidence

**Approved drugs**

0

**Clinical candidates (approved and in development)**

1

## Druggability

**Chemical probe available**

No

## Names

**Target name**

HMGB1

**Gene name**

High mobility group box 1

**Gene symbol**

HMGB1

**Previous gene symbols**

- HMG1

**Protein name**

High mobility group protein B1 (High mobility group protein 1) (HMG-1)

### Other names (3)

- HMG3
- SBP-1
- DKFZp686A04236

## Classification

**Gene biotype**

Protein coding

**Gene family**

Canonical high mobility group

**Target class**

Unclassified protein

**Target type**

Human gene

## Expression and localisation

**Tissues expressed in**

54

**Protein localisation evidence grade**

Supported

**Highest tissue expression**

136.13

**Tissue specificity (Gini)**

0.247

**Tissue specificity (tau)**

0.505

## Pathways and interactions

**KEGG gene identifiers**

- hsa:3146

**Protein interaction confidence**

0.8501

**Protein interaction partners**

60

### Reactome pathways (12)

- R-HSA-1236974
- R-HSA-140342
- R-HSA-166058
- R-HSA-3000471
- R-HSA-445989
- R-HSA-5602498
- R-HSA-5603041
- R-HSA-5620971
- R-HSA-5686938
- R-HSA-6798695
- R-HSA-879415
- R-HSA-933542

## Genomic location

**End position**

30618872

**Start position**

30456704

**Chromosome**

13

**Strand**

Reverse

## Identifiers

**Ensembl gene ID**

ENSG00000189403

**HGNC ID**

HGNC:4983

Source: [www.genenames.org](https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc%5Fid/HGNC:4983)

**NCBI Gene ID**

3146

**UniProt ID**

P09429

## Cellular location

- Nucleus . Chromosome . Cytoplasm . Secreted . Cell membrane
- Peripheral membrane protein
- Extracellular side . Endosome . Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment . Note=In basal state predominantly nuclear. Shuttles between the cytoplasm and the nucleus (PubMed:12231511, PubMed:17114460). Translocates from the nucleus to the cytoplasm upon autophagy stimulation (PubMed:20819940). Release from macrophages in the extracellular milieu requires the activation of NLRC4 or NLRP3 inflammasomes (By similarity). Passively released to the extracellular milieu from necrotic cells by diffusion, involving the fully reduced HGMB1 which subsequently gets oxidized (PubMed:19811284). Also released from apoptotic cells (PubMed:16855214, PubMed:18631454). Active secretion from a variety of immune and non-immune cells such as macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, dendritic cells and natural killer cells in response to various stimuli such as LPS and cytokines involves a nonconventional secretory process via secretory lysosomes (PubMed:12231511, PubMed:14532127, PubMed:15944249). Secreted by plasma cells in response to LPS (By similarity). Found on the surface of activated platelets (PubMed:11154118). An increased chromatin association is observed when associated with the adenovirus protein pVII (PubMed:27362237). .
- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum . Note=(Microbial infection) SARS-COV-2 ORF3A promotes HMGB1 translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm where it is recruited by and colocalizes with ORF3A at the endoplasmic reticulum. .
- Nucleoplasm

### Publication evidence (17)

- PubMed 12231511  
Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12231511/)
- PubMed 17114460  
Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17114460/)
- PubMed 20819940  
Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20819940/)
- PubMed 22696656  
Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22696656/)
- PubMed 22869893  
Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22869893/)
- PubMed 27362237  
Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27362237/)
- PubMed 29618516  
Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29618516/)
- PubMed 33147444  
Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33147444/)
- PubMed 11154118  
Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11154118/)
- PubMed 34971702  
Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34971702/)
- PubMed 14532127  
Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14532127/)
- PubMed 15944249  
Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15944249/)
- PubMed 19811284  
Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19811284/)
- PubMed 16855214  
Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16855214/)
- PubMed 18631454  
Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18631454/)
- PubMed 20123072  
Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20123072/)
- PubMed 35239449  
Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35239449/)

## Tissue expression

**Tissue specificity (tau)**

0.505198

**Expression inequality (Gini)**

0.247303

### Highest expression

Expression in transcripts per million

**Uterus**

136.13

**Cervix - Ectocervix**

133.3

**Cervix - Endocervix**

129.3

**Cells - EBV-transformed lymphocytes**

122.66

**Fallopian Tube**

122.35

### All tissues (54)

Expression in transcripts per million

- Uterus136.13
- Cervix - Ectocervix133.3
- Cervix - Endocervix129.3
- Cells - EBV-transformed lymphocytes122.66
- Fallopian Tube122.35
- Nerve - Tibial114.85
- Artery - Tibial108.91
- Ovary101.3
- Brain - Cerebellar Hemisphere95.11
- Vagina93.43
- Thyroid93.27
- Artery - Aorta90.22
- Adipose - Subcutaneous89.46
- Breast - Mammary Tissue88
- Artery - Coronary87.9
- Colon - Sigmoid85.23
- Brain - Spinal cord (cervical c-1)82.31
- Bladder81.02
- Lung80.34
- Prostate79.14
- Cells - Cultured fibroblasts76.7
- Spleen76.28
- Esophagus - Gastroesophageal Junction74.11
- Small Intestine - Terminal Ileum73.62
- Brain - Cerebellum72.49

And 29 more, listed on the interactive page.

## Biological functions

### Biological processes (38)

- GO:0000122  
Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0000122)
- GO:0002218  
Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0002218)
- GO:0002437  
Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0002437)
- GO:0002643  
Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0002643)
- GO:0006954  
Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0006954)
- GO:0007204  
Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0007204)
- GO:0010508  
Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0010508)
- GO:0017055  
Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0017055)
- GO:0031507  
Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0031507)
- GO:0032425  
Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0032425)
- GO:0032689  
Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0032689)
- GO:0032732  
Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0032732)
- GO:0032733  
Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0032733)
- GO:0032735  
Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0032735)
- GO:0032755  
Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0032755)
- GO:0032757  
Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0032757)
- GO:0032760  
Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0032760)
- GO:0033151  
Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0033151)
- GO:0035711  
Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0035711)
- GO:0042104  
Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0042104)
- GO:0043065  
Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0043065)
- GO:0043277  
Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0043277)
- GO:0043371  
Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0043371)
- GO:0043388  
Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0043388)
- GO:0043410  
Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0043410)

And 13 more, listed on the interactive page.

### Cellular components (12)

- GO:0000793  
Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0000793)
- GO:0005576  
Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005576)
- GO:0005634  
Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005634)
- GO:0005654  
Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005654)
- GO:0005737  
Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005737)
- GO:0005783  
Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005783)
- GO:0005886  
Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005886)
- GO:0009986  
Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0009986)
- GO:0017053  
Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0017053)
- GO:0034774  
Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0034774)
- GO:0035868  
Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0035868)
- GO:1904813  
Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:1904813)

### Molecular functions (17)

- GO:0000976  
Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0000976)
- GO:0001530  
Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0001530)
- GO:0001786  
Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0001786)
- GO:0003684  
Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0003684)
- GO:0003713  
Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0003713)
- GO:0003714  
Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0003714)
- GO:0003723  
Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0003723)
- GO:0005178  
Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005178)
- GO:0005515  
Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005515)
- GO:0008301  
Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0008301)
- GO:0016829  
Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0016829)
- GO:0019958  
Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0019958)
- GO:0048018  
Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0048018)
- GO:0061629  
Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0061629)
- GO:0070182  
Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0070182)
- GO:0140297  
Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0140297)
- GO:0140656  
Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0140656)

## Related records

### Trials (1,406)

- "Comparing Methotrexate Usage Techniques to Prevent Proliferative Vitreoretinopaty After Retinal Detachment Vitrectomy"
- \[CREMA\]Combination of R-M Followed by R-A in Elderly Patients With Primary CNS Lymphoma
- 05-001: Treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Children
- 2-week dc of MTX and Influenza Vaccination in RA
- 4 x Epirubicin, Cyclophosphamide, Followed by 4 x Docetaxel Versus 6 x CMF / 6 x CEF
- 4B951, Combination Chemotherapy in Treating Patients With Bladder Cancer
- 506U78 in Treating Patients With Refractory Hematologic Cancer
- A 30-month Follow-up of MERINO Participants to Evaluate Long-term Effects of Methotrexate in Erosive Hand OA.
- A Bioavailability Study of Methotrexate 25 mg Administered by Needle Injection and a Pre Filled Needle-free Device in Healthy Volunteers.
- A Canadian Study to Evaluate Early Use of Adalimumab After Methotrexate Failure in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis
- A Clinical Research on the Relation of Blood Drug Concentration and Calcium Folinate Rescued in High-dose MTX Therapy
- A Clinical Study of Tulisokibart (MK-7240) to Treat Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) (MK-7240-014)
- A Clinical Study on the Efficacy and Safety of Methotrexate (MTX) or Thiotepa (for MTX Intolerance) or Temozolomide (TMZ) Combined With Orelabrutinib and Selinexor in Relapsed/Refractory Primary or Secondary Central Nervous System Lymphoma（SELINA）
- A Clinical Trial Evaluating Patients With Primary Vitreoretinal Lymphoma
- A Clinical Trial in Patients With Breast Cancer Susceptibility Gene (BRCA) Defective Tumours
- A Clinical Trial of Decitabine in Relapsed or Refractory T-lymphoblastic Lymphoma
- A Clinical Trial of MK-8690 in Participants With Rheumatoid Arthritis (MK-8690-004)
- A Clinical Trial of Safety and Tolerance of TQH3821 Tablets in Adult Healthy Subjects
- A Clinical Trial to Evaluate Effect of IAE0972 Combined with Chemotherapy for R/M HNSCC or NPC(Note: It is Currently Phase II.).
- A Clinical Trial Using Metronomic Oral Low-dose Cyclophosphamide Alternating With Low-dose Oral Methotrexate With Continuous Celecoxib and Weekly Vinblastine in Children and Adolescents With Relapsed or Progressing soliD Tumours.

### Drugs (2)

- CD24FC High mobility group protein B1 inhibitor
- [Methotrexate](https://trialight.com/data/asset/methotrexate-aa7ef9da-5b6e-44a1-942c-610e3de14a1d.md)

---

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