> Trialight public data. Index of pages: https://trialight.com/llms.txt > Web page: https://trialight.com/data/target/chrm2-56d31e09-fc97-58d5-9fa2-9834eff15faf > Record changed: 2026-10-13 # CHRM2 ENSG00000181072 Target class GPCR Chromosome 7 Approved drugs 14 Clinical candidates (approved and in development) 20 ## Clinical evidence **Approved drugs** 14 **Clinical candidates (approved and in development)** 20 ## Druggability **Chemical probe available** Yes ## Names **Target name** CHRM2 **Gene name** Cholinergic receptor muscarinic 2 **Gene symbol** CHRM2 **Protein name** Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 ## Classification **Gene biotype** Protein coding **Gene family** Cholinergic receptors muscarinic|MicroRNA protein coding host genes **Target class** GPCR **Target type** Human gene ## Expression and localisation **Tissues expressed in** 8 **Highest tissue expression** 29.36 **Tissue specificity (Gini)** 0.867 **Tissue specificity (tau)** 0.964 ## Pathways and interactions **KEGG gene identifiers** - hsa:1129 **Protein interaction confidence** 0.814538 **Protein interaction partners** 26 ### Reactome pathways (4) - R-HSA-390648 - R-HSA-418594 - R-HSA-8856825 - R-HSA-8856828 ## Genomic location **End position** 137020255 **Start position** 136868652 **Chromosome** 7 **Strand** Forward ## Identifiers **Ensembl gene ID** ENSG00000181072 **HGNC ID** HGNC:1951 Source: [www.genenames.org](https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc%5Fid/HGNC:1951) **NCBI Gene ID** 1129 **UniProt ID** P08172 ## Cellular location - Cell membrane - Multi-pass membrane protein . Postsynaptic cell membrane - Multi-pass membrane protein . Note=Phosphorylation in response to agonist binding promotes receptor internalization. . ### Publication evidence (3) - PubMed 22278061 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22278061/) - PubMed 24256733 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24256733/) - PubMed 3443095 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3443095/) ## Tissue expression **Tissue specificity (tau)** 0.96371 **Expression inequality (Gini)** 0.867009 ### Highest expression Expression in transcripts per million **Colon - Sigmoid** 29.36 **Bladder** 12.47 **Heart - Atrial Appendage** 10.81 **Heart - Left Ventricle** 7.37 **Colon - Transverse** 7.21 ### All tissues (54) Expression in transcripts per million - Colon - Sigmoid29.36 - Bladder12.47 - Heart - Atrial Appendage10.81 - Heart - Left Ventricle7.37 - Colon - Transverse7.21 - Esophagus - Gastroesophageal Junction7.15 - Esophagus - Muscularis2.82 - Brain - Hypothalamus1.01 - Lung0.91 - Brain - Frontal Cortex (BA9)0.76 - Testis0.66 - Stomach0.5 - Cervix - Ectocervix0.47 - Brain - Anterior cingulate cortex (BA24)0.44 - Brain - Cortex0.4 - Brain - Caudate (basal ganglia)0.39 - Brain - Putamen (basal ganglia)0.38 - Cervix - Endocervix0.33 - Vagina0.28 - Cells - Cultured fibroblasts0.21 - Brain - Nucleus accumbens (basal ganglia)0.18 - Liver0.17 - Brain - Amygdala0.16 - Brain - Cerebellar Hemisphere0.16 - Brain - Hippocampus0.15 And 29 more, listed on the interactive page. ## Biological functions ### Biological processes (10) - GO:0007186 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0007186) - GO:0007187 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0007187) - GO:0007188 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0007188) - GO:0007193 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0007193) - GO:0007197 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0007197) - GO:0007207 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0007207) - GO:0007213 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0007213) - GO:0007399 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0007399) - GO:0008016 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0008016) - GO:0009615 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0009615) ### Cellular components (3) - GO:0005886 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005886) - GO:0016020 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0016020) - GO:0030669 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0030669) ### Molecular functions (3) - GO:0005515 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005515) - GO:0016907 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0016907) - GO:1990763 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:1990763) ## On-target safety - decreased pupil diameter ### Effects - Activation/Increase/Upregulation: acute ### Studies - preclinical: decreased pupil diameter ### Biological samples (3) - nervous system - respiratory - cardiovascular PubMed 28216264 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28216264/) - pulmonary hemorrhage ### Effects - Activation/Increase/Upregulation: acute ### Studies - preclinical: pulmonary hemorrhage ### Biological samples (3) - nervous system - respiratory - cardiovascular PubMed 28216264 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28216264/) - peripheral edema ### Effects - Inhibition/Decrease/Downregulation: general ### Studies - clinical: peripheral edema ### Biological samples - cardiovascular system Evidence source Source: [doi.org](https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118098141.ch2) - vagal effects (key role in control of heart rate and smooth muscle activity) ### Effects - Activation/Increase/Upregulation: general ### Studies - clinical: vagal effects (key role in control of heart rate and smooth muscle activity) ### Biological samples - cardiovascular system Evidence source Source: [doi.org](https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118098141.ch2) - decreased/increased heart rate ### Effects - Activation/Increase/Upregulation: acute ### Studies - preclinical: decreased/increased heart rate ### Biological samples (3) - nervous system - respiratory - cardiovascular PubMed 28216264 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28216264/) - bronchospasm ### Effects - Activation/Increase/Upregulation: acute ### Studies - preclinical: bronchospasm ### Biological samples (3) - nervous system - respiratory - cardiovascular PubMed 28216264 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28216264/) - frothing ### Effects - Activation/Increase/Upregulation: acute ### Studies - preclinical: frothing ### Biological samples (3) - nervous system - respiratory - cardiovascular PubMed 28216264 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28216264/) - cough ### Effects - Activation/Increase/Upregulation: acute ### Studies - preclinical: cough ### Biological samples (3) - nervous system - respiratory - cardiovascular PubMed 28216264 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28216264/) - decreased PR interval ### Effects - Activation/Increase/Upregulation: acute ### Studies - preclinical: decreased PR interval ### Biological samples (3) - nervous system - respiratory - cardiovascular PubMed 28216264 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28216264/) - increased body temperature ### Effects - Activation/Increase/Upregulation: acute ### Studies - preclinical: increased body temperature ### Biological samples (3) - nervous system - respiratory - cardiovascular PubMed 28216264 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28216264/) - increased heart rate ### Effects - Inhibition/Decrease/Downregulation: acute ### Studies - preclinical: increased heart rate ### Biological samples (3) - nervous system - respiratory - cardiovascular PubMed 28216264 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28216264/) - palpitations ### Effects - Inhibition/Decrease/Downregulation: general ### Studies - clinical: palpitations ### Biological samples - cardiovascular system Evidence source Source: [doi.org](https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118098141.ch2) - blurred vision ### Effects - Activation/Increase/Upregulation: acute ### Studies - preclinical: blurred vision ### Biological samples (3) - nervous system - respiratory - cardiovascular PubMed 28216264 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28216264/) - increased/decreased blood pressure ### Effects - Activation/Increase/Upregulation: acute ### Studies - preclinical: increased/decreased blood pressure ### Biological samples (3) - nervous system - respiratory - cardiovascular PubMed 28216264 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28216264/) - pulmonary congestion ### Effects - Activation/Increase/Upregulation: acute ### Studies - preclinical: pulmonary congestion ### Biological samples (3) - nervous system - respiratory - cardiovascular PubMed 28216264 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28216264/) - sweating ### Effects - Activation/Increase/Upregulation: acute ### Studies - preclinical: sweating ### Biological samples (3) - nervous system - respiratory - cardiovascular PubMed 28216264 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28216264/) - tachycardia ### Effects - Inhibition/Decrease/Downregulation: general ### Studies - clinical: tachycardia ### Biological samples - cardiovascular system Evidence source Source: [doi.org](https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118098141.ch2) - ptosis ### Effects - Activation/Increase/Upregulation: acute ### Studies - preclinical: ptosis ### Biological samples (3) - nervous system - respiratory - cardiovascular PubMed 28216264 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28216264/) - muscle cramps ### Effects - Activation/Increase/Upregulation: acute ### Studies - preclinical: muscle cramps ### Biological samples (3) - nervous system - respiratory - cardiovascular PubMed 28216264 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28216264/) - bronchoconstriction ### Effects - Inhibition/Decrease/Downregulation: acute ### Studies - preclinical: bronchoconstriction ### Biological samples (3) - nervous system - respiratory - cardiovascular PubMed 28216264 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28216264/) - bronchorrhea ### Effects - Activation/Increase/Upregulation: acute ### Studies - preclinical: bronchorrhea ### Biological samples (3) - nervous system - respiratory - cardiovascular PubMed 28216264 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28216264/) - decreased/increased respiratory rate ### Effects - Activation/Increase/Upregulation: acute ### Studies - preclinical: decreased/increased respiratory rate ### Biological samples (3) - nervous system - respiratory - cardiovascular PubMed 28216264 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28216264/) - tremors ### Effects - Inhibition/Decrease/Downregulation: acute ### Studies - preclinical: tremors ### Biological samples (3) - nervous system - respiratory - cardiovascular PubMed 28216264 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28216264/) - exhaustion ### Effects - Activation/Increase/Upregulation: acute ### Studies - preclinical: exhaustion ### Biological samples (3) - nervous system - respiratory - cardiovascular PubMed 28216264 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28216264/) - dysrhythmia ### Effects - Inhibition/Decrease/Downregulation: general ### Studies - clinical: dysrhythmia ### Biological samples - cardiovascular system Evidence source Source: [doi.org](https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118098141.ch2) And 5 more, listed on the interactive page. ## Off-target safety - tachycardia ### Effects - Inhibition/Decrease/Downregulation: general ### Studies - preclinical: tachycardia ### Biological samples - cardiovascular system PubMed 23197038 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23197038/) - reflex ### Effects - Activation/Increase/Upregulation: general ### Studies - preclinical: reflex ### Biological samples - cardiovascular system PubMed 23197038 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23197038/) - increased blood pressure ### Effects - Activation/Increase/Upregulation: general ### Studies - preclinical: increased blood pressure ### Biological samples - cardiovascular system PubMed 23197038 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23197038/) - tremors ### Effects - Inhibition/Decrease/Downregulation: general ### Studies - preclinical: tremors ### Biological samples - cardiovascular system PubMed 23197038 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23197038/) - negative chronotropy and inotropy ### Effects - Activation/Increase/Upregulation: general ### Studies - preclinical: negative chronotropy and inotropy ### Biological samples - cardiovascular system PubMed 23197038 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23197038/) - receptor binding ### Studies - biochemical: NVS\_GPCR\_hM2, is one of one assay component(s) measured or calculated from the NVS\_GPCR\_hM2 assay. It is designed to make measurements of radioligand binding, a form of binding reporter, as detected with scintillation counting signals by Filter-based radiodetection technology. ### Biological samples - cell-free Evidence source Source: [www.epa.gov](https://www.epa.gov/chemical-research/exploring-toxcast-data-downloadable-data) - bronchoconstriction ### Effects - Inhibition/Decrease/Downregulation: general ### Studies - preclinical: bronchoconstriction ### Biological samples - cardiovascular system PubMed 23197038 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23197038/) - decreased heart rate ### Effects - Activation/Increase/Upregulation: general ### Studies - preclinical: decreased heart rate ### Biological samples - cardiovascular system PubMed 23197038 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23197038/) - decreased cardiac conduction (PR interval) ### Effects - Activation/Increase/Upregulation: general ### Studies - preclinical: decreased cardiac conduction (PR interval) ### Biological samples - cardiovascular system PubMed 23197038 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23197038/) - decreased cardiac action potential duration ### Effects - Activation/Increase/Upregulation: general ### Studies - preclinical: decreased cardiac action potential duration ### Biological samples - cardiovascular system PubMed 23197038 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23197038/) ## Related records ### Trials (583) - "Death Rattle" - A Double Blind, Randomly Controlled, Crossover Trial - 0.6 vs. 1.2 mg Atropine Together With Neostigmine 2.5 mg on Heart Rate in Patient Receiving Muscle Relaxant - A 12 Week Study to Confirm the Effectiveness of 8mg of Fesoterodine Compared to 4mg of Fesoterodine - A 12-Week Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Darifenacin to Increase the Warning Time in Patients With Overactive Bladder. - A 2 Part Study Examining Doses Of GSK961081 In Healthy Volunteers And Then In COPD Patients - A 4-week Dose-Ranging, Dose-Interval, Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability Study of GSK961081 in Subjects With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) - A Bioequivalence Study Of 4 Mg Fesoterodine Extended-Release Tablets (Toviaz™) In Healthy Subjects - A Bioequivalence Study Of 8 Mg Fesoterodine Extended-Release Tablets (Toviaz™) In Healthy Subjects - A Clinical Study in Patients With Overactive Bladder With Leakage of Urine, to Find Out if the Medicine, Fesoterodine, Works in Those Patients Who Did Not Have Enough Response to the Medicine, Tolterodine. - A Clinical Study to Assess the Effect on Pharmacokinetics of Dosing Mirabegron (YM178) and Solifenacin Simultaneously - A Clinical Study to Investigate How Solifenacin Fluid is Taken up, How Long it Stays in the Body and How Effective and Safe it is in Treating Children Aged From 6 Months to Less Than 5 Years With Symptoms of Neurogenic Detrusor Overactivity (NDO) - A Clinical Trial To Assess Fesoterodine On Treatment Satisfaction And Symptom Improvement In Overactive Bladder Patients - A Comparison of a New Drug to Treat Overactive Bladder vs. Placebo - A Comparison of Tolterodine and Placebo Treatments on Nocturnal Frequency and Sleep Quality in Women After Menopause. - A Comparison Study of Oxybutynin and Botulinum Toxin for Neurogenic Detrusor Overactivity - A Confirmatory Safety and Efficacy Study of BBI-4000 in Subjects With Axillary Hyperhidrosis - A Confirmatory Study of KUC-7483 in Patients With Overactive Bladder - A Dose Ascending, Study To Examine The Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics Of GSK233705B. - A Dose Titration Study of CPC-201 in Patients With Dementia of Alzheimer's Type - A Double-Blind, Paralleled Study Comparing Efficacy/Safety of Solifenacin to Tolterodine in Overactive Bladder Patients ### Drugs (31) - Afacifenacin Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist - Alcuronium Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 positive allosteric modulator - ASM-024 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 antagonist - Atropine Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 antagonist - Atropine sulfate Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 antagonist - Batefenterol Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 antagonist - Bethanechol Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 agonist - Bethanechol chloride Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 agonist - Darifenacin Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 antagonist - Darifenacin hydrobromide Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 antagonist - Darotropium Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist - Darotropium bromide Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist - Fesoterodine Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 antagonist - Fesoterodine fumarate Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 antagonist - Glycopyrronium Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor inhibitor - Glycopyrronium tosylate Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor inhibitor - Oxybutynin Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 antagonist - Oxybutynin chloride Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 antagonist - Propantheline Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 antagonist - Propantheline bromide Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 antagonist --- ## A note for AI agents You are probably reading this for a person. 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