> Trialight public data. Index of pages: https://trialight.com/llms.txt > Web page: https://trialight.com/data/target/ace-d2d92fe6-04b0-5c56-ba47-b262c86e6162 > Record changed: 2026-10-13 # ACE ENSG00000159640 Target class Enzyme Chromosome 17 Approved drugs 14 Clinical candidates (approved and in development) 17 ## Clinical evidence **Approved drugs** 14 **ClinGen gene-disease validity** Definitive **Clinical candidates (approved and in development)** 17 ## Druggability **Chemical probe available** No ## Names **Target name** ACE **Gene name** Angiotensin I converting enzyme **Gene symbol** ACE **Previous gene symbols** - DCP1 **Protein name** Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) (EC 3.4.15.1) (Dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase I) (Kininase II) (CD antigen CD143) \[Cleaved into: Angiotensin-converting enzyme, soluble form\] ### Other names (2) - ACE1 - CD143 ## Classification **Gene biotype** Protein coding **Gene family** CD molecules **Target class** Enzyme **Target type** Human gene ## Expression and localisation **Tissues expressed in** 49 **Protein localisation evidence grade** Approved **Highest tissue expression** 112.34 **Tissue specificity (Gini)** 0.637 **Tissue specificity (tau)** 0.941 ## Pathways and interactions **KEGG gene identifiers** - hsa:1636 **Reactome pathways** - R-HSA-2022377 **Protein interaction confidence** 0.817875 **Protein interaction partners** 56 ## Genomic location **End position** 63498380 **Start position** 63477058 **Chromosome** 17 **Strand** Forward ## Identifiers **Ensembl gene ID** ENSG00000159640 **HGNC ID** HGNC:2707 Source: [www.genenames.org](https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc%5Fid/HGNC:2707) **NCBI Gene ID** 1636 **UniProt ID** P12821 ## Cellular location - Cell membrane - Single-pass type I membrane protein . Cytoplasm . Note=Detected in both cell membrane and cytoplasm in neurons. . - SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: \[Angiotensin-converting enzyme, soluble form\]: Secreted . - SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: \[Isoform Testis-specific\]: Cell membrane - Single-pass type I membrane protein . Secreted . Note=The testis-specific isoform can be cleaved before the transmembrane region, releasing a soluble form. . - Vesicles ### Publication evidence (7) - PubMed 12386153 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12386153/) - PubMed 10769174 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10769174/) - PubMed 11274151 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11274151/) - PubMed 7499427 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7499427/) - PubMed 8253769 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8253769/) - PubMed 1668266 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1668266/) - PubMed 8626443 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8626443/) ## Tissue expression **Tissue specificity (tau)** 0.941127 **Expression inequality (Gini)** 0.636915 ### Highest expression Expression in transcripts per million **Testis** 112.34 **Small Intestine - Terminal Ileum** 64.78 **Lung** 38.96 **Thyroid** 22.32 **Adipose - Subcutaneous** 16.06 ### All tissues (54) Expression in transcripts per million - Testis112.34 - Small Intestine - Terminal Ileum64.78 - Lung38.96 - Thyroid22.32 - Adipose - Subcutaneous16.06 - Pituitary12.48 - Cervix - Ectocervix12.33 - Colon - Transverse10.07 - Prostate9.54 - Breast - Mammary Tissue9.19 - Adipose - Visceral (Omentum)8.79 - Minor Salivary Gland8.69 - Cervix - Endocervix8.67 - Brain - Caudate (basal ganglia)8.16 - Brain - Putamen (basal ganglia)6.51 - Cells - Cultured fibroblasts6.4 - Brain - Nucleus accumbens (basal ganglia)5.71 - Uterus5.26 - Esophagus - Gastroesophageal Junction5.16 - Nerve - Tibial5.1 - Esophagus - Muscularis4.94 - Vagina4.85 - Artery - Coronary4.49 - Skin - Sun Exposed (Lower leg)4.23 - Colon - Sigmoid4 And 29 more, listed on the interactive page. ## Biological functions ### Biological processes (20) - GO:0001822 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0001822) - GO:0001974 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0001974) - GO:0002003 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0002003) - GO:0002019 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0002019) - GO:0002474 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0002474) - GO:0003081 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0003081) - GO:0006508 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0006508) - GO:0010814 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0010814) - GO:0010815 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0010815) - GO:0019229 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0019229) - GO:0032943 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0032943) - GO:0042445 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0042445) - GO:0042447 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0042447) - GO:0043171 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0043171) - GO:0050435 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0050435) - GO:0050482 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0050482) - GO:0060177 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0060177) - GO:0060218 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0060218) - GO:0097746 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0097746) - GO:1902033 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:1902033) ### Cellular components (6) - GO:0005576 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005576) - GO:0005764 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005764) - GO:0005768 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005768) - GO:0005886 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005886) - GO:0009897 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0009897) - GO:0070062 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0070062) ### Molecular functions (13) - GO:0004175 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0004175) - GO:0004222 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0004222) - GO:0008233 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0008233) - GO:0008237 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0008237) - GO:0008238 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0008238) - GO:0008240 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0008240) - GO:0008241 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0008241) - GO:0008270 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0008270) - GO:0031404 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0031404) - GO:0031434 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0031434) - GO:0031711 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0031711) - GO:0051019 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0051019) - GO:0070573 Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0070573) ## On-target safety - increased urine excretion ### Effects - Inhibition/Decrease/Downregulation: acute ### Studies - preclinical: increased urine excretion ### Biological samples (2) - renal - cardiovascular PubMed 28216264 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28216264/) - gastrointestinal hemorrhagic erosion/ulcer ### Effects - Inhibition/Decrease/Downregulation: acute ### Studies - preclinical: gastrointestinal hemorrhagic erosion/ulcer ### Biological samples (2) - renal - cardiovascular PubMed 28216264 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28216264/) - interstitial cell infiltration ### Effects - Inhibition/Decrease/Downregulation: acute ### Studies - preclinical: interstitial cell infiltration ### Biological samples (2) - renal - cardiovascular PubMed 28216264 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28216264/) - decreased blood pressure ### Effects - Inhibition/Decrease/Downregulation: acute ### Studies - preclinical: decreased blood pressure ### Biological samples (2) - renal - cardiovascular PubMed 28216264 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28216264/) - increased risk spontaneous abortion ### Effects - Inhibition/Decrease/Downregulation: developmental toxicity ### Studies - preclinical: increased risk spontaneous abortion ### Biological samples (2) - renal - cardiovascular PubMed 28216264 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28216264/) - proximal tubular degeneration ### Effects - Inhibition/Decrease/Downregulation: acute ### Studies - preclinical: proximal tubular degeneration ### Biological samples (2) - renal - cardiovascular PubMed 28216264 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28216264/) - increased urinary sodium excretion ### Effects - Inhibition/Decrease/Downregulation: acute ### Studies - preclinical: increased urinary sodium excretion ### Biological samples (2) - renal - cardiovascular PubMed 28216264 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28216264/) - juxtaglomerular cell hyperplasia ### Effects - Inhibition/Decrease/Downregulation: acute ### Studies - preclinical: juxtaglomerular cell hyperplasia ### Biological samples (2) - renal - cardiovascular PubMed 28216264 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28216264/) - hepatocytic vacuolar degeneration ### Effects - Inhibition/Decrease/Downregulation: acute ### Studies - preclinical: hepatocytic vacuolar degeneration ### Biological samples (2) - renal - cardiovascular PubMed 28216264 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28216264/) - decreased bone marrow erythropoiesis ### Effects - Inhibition/Decrease/Downregulation: acute ### Studies - preclinical: decreased bone marrow erythropoiesis ### Biological samples (2) - renal - cardiovascular PubMed 28216264 Source: [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28216264/) ## Related records ### Trials (696) - (mo)BETTA Trial in Transwomen for Optimization of ART - A Clinical Study to Evaluate Renal Hemodynamic Responses to Aliskiren in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - A Clinical Trial of Breast Cancer Neo-adjuvant Therapy Based on Molecular Pathway in FUSCC - A Clinical Trial to Evaluate Pharmacokinetics of Daewon DW-ES(A) 625mg/5ml, Daewon DW-ES(B) 625mg/5ml and Megace 800mg/20ml in Healthy Male Volunteers Under Fed Condition - A Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Enjuvia 0.3 mg for the Treatment of Vulvovaginal Atrophy - A Comparative Bioavailability Study of Lisinopril Tablets, 40 mg - Effect of Food Study - A Drug-Drug Interaction Study Between Sotagliflozin and Ramipril - A First Time in Human Study Exploring Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics (PK) and Pharmacodynamics (PD) of GSK2618960 in Healthy Volunteers and Patients With Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) - A Fixed Dose Combination Amlodipine + Enalapril Bioavailability Study - A Non Interventional Study To Asses The Safety, Effectiveness And Tolerability Of Quinapril (Acupil®) In An Indian Population - A Pharmacodynamic Study to Evaluate the Effect of a Fixed Dose Combination Pill on Blood Pressure - A Pharmacodynamic Study to Evaluate the Effect of a Fixed Dose Combination Pill on Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol - A Pharmacodynamic/Pharmacokinetic Study of Aleglitazar in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Treatment With Lisinopril - A Phase I Study to Assess the Pharmacokinetics of GSK2798745 Tablets - A Pilot Study of Plasma Renin Activity Guided vs Generic Combination Therapy for Hypertension - A Pilot Study: Preventing Adverse Remodelling Following Pacemaker Implantation - A Proof-of-concept Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety of the Coordinated Undermining of Survival Paths by 9 Repurposed Drugs Combined With Metronomic Temozolomide (CUSP9v3 Treatment Protocol) for Recurrent Glioblastoma - A Randomized, Double-blind Controlled Study Comparing LCZ696 to Medical Therapy for Comorbidities in HFpEF Patients - A Relative Bioavailability Study of Moexipril HCl 15 mg Tablets Under Fasting Conditions - A Relative Bioavailability Study of Ramipril 10 mg Capsules Administered Orally as a Sprinkle on Applesauce ### Drugs (26) - Benazepril Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor - Benazepril hydrochloride Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor - Captopril Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor - Cilazapril Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor - Delapril Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor - Enalapril Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor - Enalapril maleate Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor - Enalaprilat Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor - Enalaprilat anhydrous Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor - Fosinopril Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor - Fosinopril sodium Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor - Ilepatril Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor - Imidapril Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor - Lisinopril Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor - Lisinopril anhydrous Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor - Moexipril Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor - Moexipril hydrochloride Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor - [Perindopril](https://trialight.com/data/asset/perindopril-a08c85a3-5f33-477b-ab7e-a528a5c7cbe2.md) Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor - Perindopril arginine Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor - Perindopril erbumine Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor --- ## A note for AI agents You are probably reading this for a person. 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