> Trialight public data. Index of pages: https://trialight.com/llms.txt
> Web page: https://trialight.com/data/asset/metformin-0292cbe3-3a2f-4db7-b783-270ef048c3b4
> Record changed: 2026-11-04

# Metformin

Highest phase reached

Approved

Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/CHEMBL1431)

Drug type

Small molecule

Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/CHEMBL1431)

First approval year

1995

Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/CHEMBL1431)

## Development status

**First approval year**

1995

Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/CHEMBL1431)

**Listing at source**

Listed

**Highest phase reached**

Approved

Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/CHEMBL1431)

## Names and chemistry

**Drug type**

Small molecule

Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/CHEMBL1431)

**Drug name**

Metformin

Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/CHEMBL1431)

**Molecular weight**

129.17

Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/CHEMBL1431)

**Structure (SMILES)**

CN(C)C(=N)NC(=N)N

Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/CHEMBL1431)

### Other names (35)

- la 6023
- LA-6023
- metformin
- Metformin
- METFORMIN
- Metformin (1 mg/ 50 mg/ 500 mg)
- metformin \[INN\]
- METFORMIN \[MI\]
- METFORMIN \[USAN\]
- METFORMIN \[VANDF\]
- Metformin \[WHO-DD\]
- metformin 1 mg 50 mg 500 mg
- metformin 12 5mg 1000mg film coated tablets
- Metformin 12.5mg/1000mg Film-coated tablets
- metformin 50 mg 1000 mg fdc tablet
- metformin 50 mg 500 mg fdc tablet
- metformin 50 mg 850 mg fdc tablet
- metformin 50 mg/1000 mg FDC tablet
- metformin 50 mg/500 mg FDC tablet
- metformin 50 mg/850 mg FDC tablet
- metformin 500 mg xr
- Metformin 500 mg XR
- metformin 750 mg
- Metformin 750 mg
- metformin extended release

And 10 more, listed on the interactive page.

## Identifiers

**ATC classification codes**

- A10BA02

Sources for recorded values

Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/CHEMBL1431)

**CAS registry numbers**

- 657-24-9

**ChEMBL ID**

CHEMBL1431

Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/CHEMBL1431)

**InChIKey**

XZWYZXLIPXDOLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/CHEMBL1431)

**FDA ingredient codes (UNII)**

- 9100L32L2N

### PubChem compound IDs (3)

- 4091
- 152743144
- 155906370

### RxNorm IDs (RxCUI) (2)

- 6809
- 235743

## Regulatory information

### United States

**Applicant**

EMD SERONO INC

**Approval date**

3 Mar 1995

**Application number**

NDA020357

### Other regulatory facts

**Patents**

0

**Designations**

1

**First in class**

No

**Fast track**

No

**Breakthrough designation**

No

**Orphan designation**

No

**Priority review**

No

**Orphan exclusivity**

No

**Accelerated approval**

No

**Availability**

Prescription only

**Boxed warning**

Yes

## Approval status

**United States (FDA)**

Approved

## Pharmacology

### Drug classification

**Pharmacology name**

metformin

**Type**

Synthetic organic

**Drug name stem**

\-formin

**Approval recorded by Guide to Pharmacology**

Yes

#### Administration routes

- Oral

### Open Targets mechanisms (2)

- **Mechanism**  
Mitochondrial complex I (NADH dehydrogenase) inhibitor

**Action type**  
Inhibitor

**Target**  
Mitochondrial complex I (NADH dehydrogenase)
- **Mechanism**  
Mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor

**Action type**  
Inhibitor

**Target**  
Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial

### DrugCentral mechanisms

- **Action type**  
Inhibitor

**Gene symbol**  
NDUFS8|NDUFA4|NDUFAB1|NDUFA1|NDUFS4|NDUFB5|NDUFB3|NDUFC1|NDUFA2|NDUFS5|NDUFS7|NDUFS2|NDUFS6|NDUFB1|NDUFS3|NDUFB6|NDUFA3|NDUFB4|NDUFB8|NDUFB2|NDUFA7|NDUFC2|NDUFA10|NDUFB10|MT-ND1|MT-ND2|MT-ND3|MT-ND4L|MT-ND4|MT-ND5|MT-ND6|NDUFB7|NDUFV2|NDUFS1|NDUFV1|NDUFA8|NDUFV3|NDUFA6|NDUFA5|NDUFA9|NDUFA11|NDUFAF2|NDUFAF3|NDUFA4L2|NDUFB11|NDUFAF4|NDUFA13|NDUFA12|NDUFAF1|NDUFB9

**Protein identifier**  
O00217|O00483|O14561|O15239|O43181|O43674|O43676|O43677|O43678|O43920|O75251|O75306|O75380|O75438|O75489|O95139|O95167|O95168|O95169|O95178|O95182|O95298|O95299|O96000|P03886|P03891|P03897|P03901|P03905|P03915|P03923|P17568|P19404|P28331|P49821|P51970|P56181|P56556|Q16718|Q16795|Q86Y39|Q8N183|Q9BU61|Q9NRX3|Q9NX14|Q9P032|Q9P0J0|Q9UI09|Q9Y375|Q9Y6M9

**Organism**  
Homo sapiens

**Target development level**  
Tclin|Tbio|Tchem|NA

### Investigated indications (157)

- **Condition**  
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell

**Highest recorded phase**  
2

**Condition identifier**  
EFO:0000095

**Subject identifier**  
D015451
- **Condition**  
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell

**Highest recorded phase**  
2

**Condition identifier**  
EFO:0000181

**Subject identifier**  
D002294
- **Condition**  
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular

**Highest recorded phase**  
2

**Condition identifier**  
EFO:0000182

**Subject identifier**  
D006528
- **Condition**  
Metabolic Syndrome

**Highest recorded phase**  
3

**Condition identifier**  
EFO:0000195

**Subject identifier**  
D024821
- **Condition**  
Prostatic Neoplasms

**Highest recorded phase**  
2

**Condition identifier**  
EFO:0000196

**Subject identifier**  
D011471
- **Condition**  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck

**Highest recorded phase**  
2

**Condition identifier**  
EFO:0000199

**Subject identifier**  
D000077195
- **Condition**  
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma

**Highest recorded phase**  
1

**Condition identifier**  
EFO:0000220

**Subject identifier**  
D054198
- **Condition**  
Adenocarcinoma

**Highest recorded phase**  
2

**Condition identifier**  
EFO:0000228

**Subject identifier**  
D000230
- **Condition**  
Atrial Fibrillation

**Highest recorded phase**  
2

**Condition identifier**  
EFO:0000275

**Subject identifier**  
D001281
- **Condition**  
Barrett Esophagus

**Highest recorded phase**

0.5

**Condition identifier**  
EFO:0000280

**Subject identifier**  
D001471
- **Condition**  
Breast Neoplasms

**Highest recorded phase**  
2

**Condition identifier**  
EFO:0000305

**Subject identifier**  
D001943
- **Condition**  
Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar

**Highest recorded phase**  
2

**Condition identifier**  
EFO:0000308

**Subject identifier**  
D002282
- **Condition**  
Carcinoma

**Highest recorded phase**  
2

**Condition identifier**  
EFO:0000313

**Subject identifier**  
D002277
- **Condition**  
Cardiovascular Diseases

**Highest recorded phase**

0.5

**Condition identifier**  
EFO:0000319

**Subject identifier**  
D002318
- **Condition**  
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive

**Highest recorded phase**  
2

**Condition identifier**  
EFO:0000341

**Subject identifier**  
D029424
- **Condition**  
Colorectal Neoplasms

**Highest recorded phase**  
3

**Condition identifier**  
EFO:0000365

**Subject identifier**  
D015179
- **Condition**  
Diabetes Mellitus

**Highest recorded phase**  
4

**Condition identifier**  
EFO:0000400

**Subject identifier**  
D003920
- **Condition**  
Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse

**Highest recorded phase**  
2

**Condition identifier**  
EFO:0000403

**Subject identifier**  
D016403
- **Condition**  
Epilepsy

**Highest recorded phase**  
3

**Condition identifier**  
EFO:0000474

**Subject identifier**  
D004827
- **Condition**  
Glioblastoma

**Highest recorded phase**  
2

**Condition identifier**  
EFO:0000519

**Subject identifier**  
D005909
- **Condition**  
Hypertension

**Highest recorded phase**  
3

**Condition identifier**  
EFO:0000537

**Subject identifier**  
D006973
- **Condition**  
Infertility

**Highest recorded phase**  
3

**Condition identifier**  
EFO:0000545

**Subject identifier**  
D007246
- **Condition**  
Adenocarcinoma of Lung

**Highest recorded phase**  
2

**Condition identifier**  
EFO:0000571

**Subject identifier**  
D000077192
- **Condition**  
Metabolic Diseases

**Highest recorded phase**  
3

**Condition identifier**  
EFO:0000589

**Subject identifier**  
D008659
- **Condition**  
Neoplasms

**Highest recorded phase**  
2

**Condition identifier**  
EFO:0000616

**Subject identifier**  
D009369

And 132 more, listed on the interactive page.

### Open Targets indications (380)

- **Condition identifier**  
EFO\_0000095

**Highest recorded phase**  
2
- **Condition identifier**  
EFO\_0000181

**Highest recorded phase**  
2
- **Condition identifier**  
EFO\_0000182

**Highest recorded phase**  
2
- **Condition identifier**  
EFO\_0000195

**Highest recorded phase**  
3
- **Condition identifier**  
EFO\_0000196

**Highest recorded phase**  
2
- **Condition identifier**  
EFO\_0000199

**Highest recorded phase**  
2
- **Condition identifier**  
EFO\_0000220

**Highest recorded phase**  
1
- **Condition identifier**  
EFO\_0000228

**Highest recorded phase**  
2
- **Condition identifier**  
EFO\_0000275

**Highest recorded phase**  
2
- **Condition identifier**  
EFO\_0000319

**Highest recorded phase**  
3
- **Condition identifier**  
EFO\_0000341

**Highest recorded phase**  
3
- **Condition identifier**  
EFO\_0000365

**Highest recorded phase**  
2
- **Condition identifier**  
EFO\_0000400
- **Condition identifier**  
EFO\_0000403

**Highest recorded phase**  
2
- **Condition identifier**  
EFO\_0000474

**Highest recorded phase**  
3
- **Condition identifier**  
EFO\_0000519

**Highest recorded phase**  
2
- **Condition identifier**  
EFO\_0000537

**Highest recorded phase**  
1
- **Condition identifier**  
EFO\_0000545

**Highest recorded phase**  
3
- **Condition identifier**  
EFO\_0000589

**Highest recorded phase**  
3
- **Condition identifier**  
EFO\_0000616

**Highest recorded phase**  
2
- **Condition identifier**  
EFO\_0000649
- **Condition identifier**  
EFO\_0000660

**Highest recorded phase**  
3
- **Condition identifier**  
EFO\_0000668

**Highest recorded phase**  
3
- **Condition identifier**  
EFO\_0000673

**Highest recorded phase**  
2
- **Condition identifier**  
EFO\_0000676

**Highest recorded phase**  
3

And 355 more, listed on the interactive page.

### Open Targets warnings (4)

- **Warning**  
Black Box Warning

**Effect**  
cardiotoxicity

**Country**  
United States
- **Warning**  
Black Box Warning

**Effect**  
metabolic toxicity

**Country**  
United States
- **Warning**  
Black Box Warning

**Effect**  
respiratory toxicity

**Country**  
United States
- **Warning**  
Black Box Warning

**Effect**  
vascular toxicity

**Country**  
United States

### Reported adverse events (28)

- **Event**  
acute kidney injury

**Reports**  
5,387

**Reporting signal score**  
10,192.8
- **Event**  
anuria

**Reports**  
466

**Reporting signal score**  
1,001.57
- **Event**  
blood glucose increased

**Reports**  
694

**Reporting signal score**

492.308
- **Event**  
blood lactic acid increased

**Reports**  
260

**Reporting signal score**

536.85
- **Event**  
diabetes mellitus inadequate control

**Reports**  
618

**Reporting signal score**  
1,249.12
- **Event**  
diabetic ketoacidosis

**Reports**  
657

**Reporting signal score**

881.913
- **Event**  
diabetic metabolic decompensation

**Reports**  
223

**Reporting signal score**

689.285
- **Event**  
diarrhoea

**Reports**  
2,429

**Reporting signal score**

554.094
- **Event**  
euglycaemic diabetic ketoacidosis

**Reports**  
252

**Reporting signal score**

546.968
- **Event**  
glycosylated haemoglobin increased

**Reports**  
403

**Reporting signal score**

631.354
- **Event**  
hyperglycaemia

**Reports**  
722

**Reporting signal score**

931.634
- **Event**  
hyperkalaemia

**Reports**  
1,327

**Reporting signal score**  
2,231.92
- **Event**  
hyperlactacidaemia

**Reports**  
392

**Reporting signal score**  
1,182.08
- **Event**  
hypoglycaemia

**Reports**  
2,567

**Reporting signal score**  
5,471.19
- **Event**  
hypoglycaemic coma

**Reports**  
282

**Reporting signal score**

699.224
- **Event**  
hypotension

**Reports**  
1,394

**Reporting signal score**

568.004
- **Event**  
hypothermia

**Reports**  
341

**Reporting signal score**

523.621
- **Event**  
ketoacidosis

**Reports**  
282

**Reporting signal score**

530.84
- **Event**  
lactic acidosis

**Reports**  
7,697

**Reporting signal score**  
27,700.7
- **Event**  
metabolic acidosis

**Reports**  
2,412

**Reporting signal score**  
6,093.29
- **Event**  
pemphigoid

**Reports**  
435

**Reporting signal score**

897.84
- **Event**  
renal failure

**Reports**  
1,098

**Reporting signal score**

923.3
- **Event**  
renal failure acute

**Reports**  
657

**Reporting signal score**

441.611
- **Event**  
shock

**Reports**  
760

**Reporting signal score**  
1,379.98
- **Event**  
suicide attempt

**Reports**  
743

**Reporting signal score**

540.561

And 3 more, listed on the interactive page.

### Trial references (620)

- NCT00000620  
Source: [clinicaltrials.gov](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00000620)
- NCT00032487  
Source: [clinicaltrials.gov](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00032487)
- NCT00067951  
Source: [clinicaltrials.gov](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00067951)
- NCT00069836  
Source: [clinicaltrials.gov](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00069836)
- NCT00081328  
Source: [clinicaltrials.gov](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00081328)
- NCT00086502  
Source: [clinicaltrials.gov](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00086502)
- NCT00086515  
Source: [clinicaltrials.gov](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00086515)
- NCT00087516  
Source: [clinicaltrials.gov](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00087516)
- NCT00097279  
Source: [clinicaltrials.gov](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00097279)
- NCT00097500  
Source: [clinicaltrials.gov](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00097500)
- NCT00099866  
Source: [clinicaltrials.gov](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00099866)
- NCT00102466  
Source: [clinicaltrials.gov](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00102466)
- NCT00103857  
Source: [clinicaltrials.gov](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00103857)
- NCT00106340  
Source: [clinicaltrials.gov](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00106340)
- NCT00110851  
Source: [clinicaltrials.gov](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00110851)
- NCT00111631  
Source: [clinicaltrials.gov](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00111631)
- NCT00121641  
Source: [clinicaltrials.gov](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00121641)
- NCT00121667  
Source: [clinicaltrials.gov](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00121667)
- NCT00131664  
Source: [clinicaltrials.gov](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00131664)
- NCT00174642  
Source: [clinicaltrials.gov](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00174642)
- NCT00184574  
Source: [clinicaltrials.gov](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00184574)
- NCT00251953  
Source: [clinicaltrials.gov](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00251953)
- NCT00261352  
Source: [clinicaltrials.gov](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00261352)
- NCT00263276  
Source: [clinicaltrials.gov](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00263276)
- NCT00263965  
Source: [clinicaltrials.gov](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00263965)

And 595 more, listed on the interactive page.

## Dosing

**Dose**

500 mg

**Route**

Oral

**How often**

Twice daily

## Chemical properties

**Hydrogen bond acceptors**

2

**Hydrogen bond donors**

4

**Polar surface area**

88.99

**Calculated partition coefficient (ALogP)**

\-1.03

**Calculated partition coefficient (XLogP)**

\-1.3

**Prodrug**

No

**Chirality**

Achiral

**Inorganic**

No

**Rule-of-five violations**

0

**Rotatable bonds**

0

**Heavy atoms**

9

**Molecular formula**

C4H11N5

**Monoisotopic mass**

129.10144537

**Natural product**

Yes

## Evidence counts

**Recorded assays**

4,318

**Active assays**

17

### Active assay types (2)

- Confirmatory
- Other

## Pharmacologic actions

- Hypoglycemic Agents  
Source: [id.nlm.nih.gov](https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D007004.html)

## Biological measurements

### Observed measurements

#### Distribution coefficient (LogD)

**Median**

\-3.37

**Mean**

\-3.38333

**Minimum**

\-3.41

**Maximum**

\-3.37

**Unit**

unitless

**Assays**

3

**Standard deviation**

0.023094

**Summary method**

median

**Censored results excluded**

0

**Other units excluded**

0

**Unknown units excluded**

0

#### Measurement types

- LogD

#### Oral bioavailability

**Median**

50

**Mean**

47.6667

**Minimum**

43

**Maximum**

50

**Unit**

%

**Assays**

3

**Standard deviation**

4.04145

**Summary method**

median

**Censored results excluded**

0

**Other units excluded**

0

**Unknown units excluded**

0

#### Measurement types

- F

## Related records

### Trials (1,830)

- "MetCool ACS"- Metformin "Cooling" Effect on Metformin-naive Patients Treated With PCI Because of Acute Coronary Syndrome
- 1% Metformin in Moderate and Severe Periodontitis
- 12 Weeks Treatment With 3 Different Doses of BI 10773 in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
- 24-Hour Glycemia: Rosiglitazone Versus Glimepiride In Type 2 Diabetes
- 24-week Study Comparing Lixisenatide to Sitagliptin as add-on to Metformin in Obese Type 2 Diabetic Patients Younger Than 50 Years
- 24-week Treatment With Lixisenatide in Type 2 Diabetes Insufficiently Controlled With Metformin and Insulin Glargine
- 30-Week Extension to an Initial Combination Study (24 Weeks in Duration) of Sitagliptin With Pioglitazone (0431-064)
- 52-week add-on to Metformin Comparison of Saxagliptin and Sulphonylurea, With a 52-week Extension Period
- A 12 Week Study in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)
- A 24-week Open-Label, Phase 3b Trial With a 28-week Extension to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Saxagliptin Co-administered With Dapagliflozin Compared to Insulin Glargine in Subjects withType 2 Diabetes Who Have Glycemic Control on Metformin
- A Clinical Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI) Study With Omaveloxolone
- A Clinical Study of Calderasib (MK-1084) With Rosuvastatin and Metformin in Healthy People (MK-1084-016)
- A Clinical Study of Ulonivirine (MK-8507) With Atorvastatin and Metformin in Healthy Adults (MK-8507-018)
- A Clinical Trial for Analysis of Intestinal Microbiome Affecting PK, PD, and Safety of Metformin
- A Clinical Trial of Metformin in the Maintenance of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Patients
- A Clinical Trial of Metformin to Decrease Glucocorticoids Side Effects in Patients With Autoimmune Uveitis
- A Clinical Trial Study to Determine the Effect of an Investigational Drug (SEP-363856) Has on the Way That the Drug Metformin Travels Through the Body in People With Schizophrenia.
- A Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Effect of Nilotinib on the PK/PD of Meformin
- A Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy, Tolerability, and Safety of a Fixed Dose Combination of Spironolactone, Pioglitazone & Metformin (SPIOMET) in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
- A Clinical Trial to Prevent the Complications of Insulin Resistance (Including Type-2 Diabetes)

### Approved for (1)

- [Diabetes mellitus](https://trialight.com/data/condition/diabetes-mellitus-1a0391a8-9f84-5600-a2bf-ec97c2229de4.md)

### In development for (233)

- Abdominal aortic aneurysm Phase 2
- Acanthosis nigricans Phase 2
- [Acne](https://trialight.com/data/condition/acne-02478aa3-966b-5ffb-a257-6dbe85c14e58.md) Phase 2
- [Acute coronary syndrome](https://trialight.com/data/condition/acute-coronary-syndrome-3d7c2c1f-86ca-5a25-913a-6f9a7e95f989.md) Phase 3
- Acute kidney injury Phase 2
- Acute leukemia Phase 1
- [Acute lymphoblastic leukemia](https://trialight.com/data/condition/acute-lymphoblastic-leukemia-a7f89294-3477-5920-8fe1-8aa51fcd1d63.md) Phase 1
- [Acute myeloid leukemia](https://trialight.com/data/condition/acute-myeloid-leukemia-b0971a7a-c18d-544e-bd7f-b1a13b9caa30.md) Phase 2
- [Adenocarcinoma](https://trialight.com/data/condition/adenocarcinoma-b5c321d1-7c49-5bf9-abd0-dfa99dbd5f29.md) Phase 2
- Adenoma Phase 1
- [Age-related macular degeneration](https://trialight.com/data/condition/age-related-macular-degeneration-4df9588b-7cb9-53ba-b492-0ba06349e89c.md) Phase 2
- [Alopecia areata](https://trialight.com/data/condition/alopecia-areata-8709d8ab-db3b-57e6-88fa-7d7ae93d4561.md) Phase 1
- Alopecia totalis Phase 1
- Alopecia universalis congenita Phase 1
- [Alzheimer disease](https://trialight.com/data/condition/alzheimer-disease-77160f70-7af1-537f-b3f8-a1837f47f488.md) Phase 1
- [Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis](https://trialight.com/data/condition/amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis-4f2633eb-a9e5-5dd1-bdcd-b9b592a0eb59.md) Phase 2
- Angiosarcoma Phase 2
- [Asthma](https://trialight.com/data/condition/asthma-247437fb-0e60-5885-8a3a-ce40099cea88.md) Phase 2
- [Atherosclerosis](https://trialight.com/data/condition/atherosclerosis-5dab64e9-1fd4-5dd2-90c2-ce84935652d1.md) Phase 3
- [Atrial fibrillation](https://trialight.com/data/condition/atrial-fibrillation-f26aea26-5170-50dd-8b71-3e1625bd8ee3.md) Phase 2

### Other linked conditions (17)

- Anovulation
- Anxiety
- Autism
- [Chronic hepatitis B virus infection](https://trialight.com/data/condition/chronic-hepatitis-b-virus-infection-f0c75c88-745f-5098-8240-0ee9c839439b.md)
- Chronic pancreatitis
- [Cognitive disorder](https://trialight.com/data/condition/cognitive-disorder-76a28ab3-7660-5227-a8e7-3c697819853c.md)
- [Differentiated thyroid carcinoma](https://trialight.com/data/condition/differentiated-thyroid-carcinoma-d7c5bae1-a4cb-5587-998c-99d7ccc3ba9a.md)
- [Endocrine system disorder](https://trialight.com/data/condition/endocrine-system-disorder-7bab6998-7c2b-586b-940e-d8d567288d52.md)
- [Glucose metabolism disease](https://trialight.com/data/condition/glucose-metabolism-disease-e258cc9e-1eda-56cb-80f3-f4bd7a42bc71.md)
- [Heart disorder](https://trialight.com/data/condition/heart-disorder-76f9236b-5b5b-52a4-b1c8-771e427815e6.md)
- [Hepatitis B virus infection](https://trialight.com/data/condition/hepatitis-b-virus-infection-63cb6d13-50c4-5e97-86fd-ce5481d9d1c6.md)
- [Hyperlipidemia](https://trialight.com/data/condition/hyperlipidemia-bd121998-6952-5bac-beaa-6b00584851e2.md)
- Hyperprolactinemia
- [Myocardial ischemia](https://trialight.com/data/condition/myocardial-ischemia-97f3df95-cb0a-550e-a799-6fb4714857cf.md)
- [Open-angle glaucoma](https://trialight.com/data/condition/open-angle-glaucoma-fb887921-4122-599b-b8a0-928b40ddc7a2.md)
- Pregnancy disorder
- [Psoriatic arthritis](https://trialight.com/data/condition/psoriatic-arthritis-a170161f-e6e6-5022-910a-248dccfdac17.md)

### Targets (51)

- [COXFA4](https://trialight.com/data/target/coxfa4-7d75e29a-decc-5e87-b2d6-1ac11b00ba7c.md) Mitochondrial complex I (NADH dehydrogenase) inhibitor
- [COXFA4L2](https://trialight.com/data/target/coxfa4l2-74460d10-783f-506a-826c-ada6b04395f0.md) Mitochondrial complex I (NADH dehydrogenase) inhibitor
- [GPD2](https://trialight.com/data/target/gpd2-4ef823da-c09f-5600-bf22-d4201ee4de3c.md) Mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor
- [MT-ND1](https://trialight.com/data/target/mt-nd1-da56bfa6-9109-5230-9fab-1feb175e18e8.md) Mitochondrial complex I (NADH dehydrogenase) inhibitor
- [MT-ND2](https://trialight.com/data/target/mt-nd2-05bc86a7-c29a-59a5-933e-abc1f52bf9cd.md) Mitochondrial complex I (NADH dehydrogenase) inhibitor
- [MT-ND3](https://trialight.com/data/target/mt-nd3-65ff2fc6-2cee-522f-b556-952089a8ccbb.md) Mitochondrial complex I (NADH dehydrogenase) inhibitor
- [MT-ND4](https://trialight.com/data/target/mt-nd4-6174af49-88e7-5f62-b9eb-b1d21888b5dd.md) Mitochondrial complex I (NADH dehydrogenase) inhibitor
- [MT-ND4L](https://trialight.com/data/target/mt-nd4l-bd147784-576b-5e87-8df0-1b70bcbb0d8f.md) Mitochondrial complex I (NADH dehydrogenase) inhibitor
- [MT-ND5](https://trialight.com/data/target/mt-nd5-78e4779d-c75a-5b40-9e0d-21b79ac1230f.md) Mitochondrial complex I (NADH dehydrogenase) inhibitor
- [MT-ND6](https://trialight.com/data/target/mt-nd6-351e625f-2043-541e-b898-671764f99a8e.md) Mitochondrial complex I (NADH dehydrogenase) inhibitor
- [NDUFA1](https://trialight.com/data/target/ndufa1-cd940f95-7d60-5194-8f72-29194a2a5e02.md) Mitochondrial complex I (NADH dehydrogenase) inhibitor
- [NDUFA10](https://trialight.com/data/target/ndufa10-1a66e96a-a0ea-538c-aeda-78dc367fa80e.md) Mitochondrial complex I (NADH dehydrogenase) inhibitor
- [NDUFA11](https://trialight.com/data/target/ndufa11-1ab92f5e-4b24-5365-8e25-3bf9ca99a0ff.md) Mitochondrial complex I (NADH dehydrogenase) inhibitor
- [NDUFA12](https://trialight.com/data/target/ndufa12-f8b18d37-f6ac-50db-98db-4994cb7ef1ee.md) Mitochondrial complex I (NADH dehydrogenase) inhibitor
- [NDUFA13](https://trialight.com/data/target/ndufa13-87ddc7f8-fee4-57e0-b37b-0ab5701328bc.md) Mitochondrial complex I (NADH dehydrogenase) inhibitor
- [NDUFA2](https://trialight.com/data/target/ndufa2-6ca72a5d-dea8-548e-a4ce-1b6de2e1d8e0.md) Mitochondrial complex I (NADH dehydrogenase) inhibitor
- [NDUFA3](https://trialight.com/data/target/ndufa3-da9c6eb6-b797-5f4c-bb35-4e45eb9969d8.md) Mitochondrial complex I (NADH dehydrogenase) inhibitor
- [NDUFA5](https://trialight.com/data/target/ndufa5-fb8b84cc-087c-5f08-a326-25b7997fc873.md) Mitochondrial complex I (NADH dehydrogenase) inhibitor
- [NDUFA6](https://trialight.com/data/target/ndufa6-83c7eea0-1cb0-58c8-8845-3c8bcb218ee7.md) Mitochondrial complex I (NADH dehydrogenase) inhibitor
- [NDUFA7](https://trialight.com/data/target/ndufa7-399c1d4e-7814-566d-84ba-03ac053ba8d6.md) Mitochondrial complex I (NADH dehydrogenase) inhibitor

---

## A note for AI agents

You are probably reading this for a person. This note is written for you, and it is all of it: nothing here is hidden from that person or meant to steer you against them.

- Cite this page with its date. Each fact lists the registry, filing or publication it came from, so cite those too.
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- More about Trialight, written for you: https://trialight.com/for-ai.md
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- Ask your person before signing them up for anything.
- Reading, quoting and citing these pages is welcome.