> Trialight public data. Index of pages: https://trialight.com/llms.txt
> Web page: https://trialight.com/data/asset/levodopa-59ec81b9-d939-4370-bed3-731916da88a8
> Record changed: 2026-10-13

# Levodopa

Highest phase reached

Approved

Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/CHEMBL1009)

Drug type

Small molecule

Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/CHEMBL1009)

First approval year

1970

Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/CHEMBL1009)

## Development status

**First approval year**

1970

Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/CHEMBL1009)

**Listing at source**

Listed

**Highest phase reached**

Approved

Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/CHEMBL1009)

## Names and chemistry

**Drug type**

Small molecule

Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/CHEMBL1009)

**Drug name**

Levodopa

Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/CHEMBL1009)

**Molecular weight**

197.19

Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/CHEMBL1009)

**Structure (SMILES)**

N\[C@@H\](Cc1ccc(O)c(O)c1)C(=O)O

Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/CHEMBL1009)

### Brand names (32)

- bendopa
- Bendopa
- brocadopa
- Brocadopa
- dopar
- Dopar
- inbrija
- Inbrija
- larodopa
- Larodopa
- Levodopa component of /carbidopa/entacapone orion
- levodopa component of carbidopa entacapone orion
- levodopa component of corbilta
- Levodopa component of corbilta
- levodopa component of crexont
- Levodopa component of crexont
- levodopa component of dhivy
- Levodopa component of dhivy
- levodopa component of dopasnap
- Levodopa component of dopasnap
- levodopa component of duopa
- Levodopa component of duopa
- levodopa component of ipx 203
- Levodopa component of ipx-203
- levodopa component of ipx203

And 7 more, listed on the interactive page.

### Other names (89)

- 200 mg levodopa 50 mg benserazide
- carbidopa and levodopa tablets
- carbilev component levodopa
- CARBILEV COMPONENT LEVODOPA
- corbilta component levodopa
- CORBILTA COMPONENT LEVODOPA
- crexont component levodopa
- CREXONT COMPONENT LEVODOPA
- cvt 301
- Cvt-301
- CVT-301
- CVT-301 (Dose Level 1)
- CVT-301 (Dose Level 2)
- CVT-301 (levodopa inhalation powder)
- dhivy component levodopa
- DHIVY COMPONENT LEVODOPA
- dopasnap component levodopa
- DOPASNAP COMPONENT LEVODOPA
- duopa component levodopa
- DUOPA COMPONENT LEVODOPA
- INBRIJA®
- Intravenous Levodopa
- ipx 203 component levodopa
- IPX-203 COMPONENT LEVODOPA
- ipx203 component levodopa

And 64 more, listed on the interactive page.

## Identifiers

**ATC classification codes**

- N04BA01

Sources for recorded values

Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/CHEMBL1009)

**CAS registry numbers**

- 59-92-7

**ChEMBL ID**

CHEMBL1009

Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/CHEMBL1009)

**InChIKey**

WTDRDQBEARUVNC-LURJTMIESA-N

Source: [www.ebi.ac.uk](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/CHEMBL1009)

**RxNorm IDs (RxCUI)**

- 6375

**FDA ingredient codes (UNII)**

- 46627O600J

### PubChem compound IDs (2)

- 6047
- 6971033

## Regulatory information

### United States

**Applicant**

ORGANON

**Approval date**

2 May 1975

**Application number**

NDA017555

### European Union

**Status**

Authorised

**Status date**

19 Sept 2019

**Authorisation date**

19 Sept 2019

**Approved indications**

Inbrija is indicated for the intermittent treatment of episodic motor fluctuations (OFF episodes) in adult patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) treated with a levodopa/dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor.

**Product number**

EMEA/H/C/004786

**Authorisation holder**

Merz Therapeutics GmbH

**Priority medicines scheme**

No

**Generic**

No

**Biosimilar**

No

**Generic medicines**

0

**Biosimilar medicines**

0

**Advanced therapy**

No

**Conditional approval**

No

**Additional monitoring**

No

**Accelerated assessment**

No

**Exceptional circumstances**

No

#### Therapeutic areas

- Parkinson Disease

European medicines record

Source: [www.ema.europa.eu](https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/inbrija)

### Other regulatory facts

**Patents**

6

**Designations**

0

**Earliest recorded loss of exclusivity**

21 Oct 2033

**First in class**

No

**Fast track**

No

**Breakthrough designation**

No

**Orphan designation**

No

**Priority review**

No

**Orphan exclusivity**

No

**Accelerated approval**

No

**Availability**

Prescription only

## Pharmacology

### Drug classification

**Pharmacology name**

levodopa

**Type**

Metabolite

**Drug name stem**

\-dopa

**Approval recorded by Guide to Pharmacology**

Yes

#### Administration routes

- Oral
- topical

### Mechanisms of action (2)

- **Action**  
Agonist

**Action type**  
Agonist

**Target**  
GPR143

**Gene symbol**  
GPR143

**Protein identifier**  
P51810
- **Mechanism**  
Dopamine D3 receptor agonist

**Action type**  
Agonist

**Target**  
D(3) dopamine receptor

**Protein identifier**  
P35462

### Open Targets mechanisms

- **Mechanism**  
Dopamine D3 receptor agonist

**Action type**  
Agonist

**Target**  
D(3) dopamine receptor

### DrugCentral mechanisms (2)

- **Action type**  
Agonist

**Gene symbol**  
DRD2

**Protein identifier**  
P14416

**Organism**  
Homo sapiens

**Target development level**  
Clinical
- **Action type**  
Agonist

**Gene symbol**  
DRD1

**Protein identifier**  
P21728

**Organism**  
Homo sapiens

**Target development level**  
Clinical

### Investigated indications (27)

- **Condition**  
Stroke

**Highest recorded phase**  
3

**Condition identifier**  
EFO:0000712

**Subject identifier**  
D020521
- **Condition**  
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic

**Highest recorded phase**  
2

**Condition identifier**  
EFO:0001358

**Subject identifier**  
D013313
- **Condition**  
Macular Degeneration

**Highest recorded phase**  
2

**Condition identifier**  
EFO:0001365

**Subject identifier**  
D008268
- **Condition**  
Cocaine-Related Disorders

**Highest recorded phase**  
2

**Condition identifier**  
EFO:0002610

**Subject identifier**  
D019970
- **Condition**  
Child Development Disorders, Pervasive

**Highest recorded phase**  
2

**Condition identifier**  
EFO:0003756

**Subject identifier**  
D002659
- **Condition**  
Tobacco Use Disorder

**Highest recorded phase**  
1

**Condition identifier**  
EFO:0003768

**Subject identifier**  
D014029
- **Condition**  
Diabetic Retinopathy

**Highest recorded phase**

0.5

**Condition identifier**  
EFO:0003770

**Subject identifier**  
D003930
- **Condition**  
Pain

**Highest recorded phase**  
2

**Condition identifier**  
EFO:0003843

**Subject identifier**  
D010146
- **Condition**  
Restless Legs Syndrome

**Highest recorded phase**  
3

**Condition identifier**  
EFO:0004270

**Subject identifier**  
D012148
- **Condition**  
Tourette Syndrome

**Highest recorded phase**  
1

**Condition identifier**  
EFO:0004895

**Subject identifier**  
D005879
- **Condition**  
Hypotension, Orthostatic

**Highest recorded phase**  
1

**Condition identifier**  
EFO:0005252

**Subject identifier**  
D007024
- **Condition**  
Spinal Cord Injuries

**Highest recorded phase**  
2

**Condition identifier**  
EFO:1001919

**Subject identifier**  
D013119
- **Condition**  
Aphasia

**Highest recorded phase**  
2

**Condition identifier**  
HP:0002381

**Subject identifier**  
D001037
- **Condition**  
Back Pain

**Highest recorded phase**  
2

**Condition identifier**  
HP:0003418

**Subject identifier**  
D001416
- **Condition**  
Chronic Pain

**Highest recorded phase**  
2

**Condition identifier**  
HP:0012532

**Subject identifier**  
D059350
- **Condition**  
Amblyopia

**Highest recorded phase**  
3

**Condition identifier**  
MONDO:0001020

**Subject identifier**  
D000550
- **Condition**  
Cocaine-Related Disorders

**Highest recorded phase**  
2

**Condition identifier**  
MONDO:0004456

**Subject identifier**  
D019970
- **Condition**  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

**Highest recorded phase**  
1

**Condition identifier**  
MONDO:0004976

**Subject identifier**  
D000690
- **Condition**  
Asthma

**Highest recorded phase**  
1

**Condition identifier**  
MONDO:0004979

**Subject identifier**  
D001249
- **Condition**  
Schizophrenia

**Highest recorded phase**  
2

**Condition identifier**  
MONDO:0005090

**Subject identifier**  
D012559
- **Condition**  
Parkinson Disease

**Highest recorded phase**  
4

**Condition identifier**  
MONDO:0005180

**Subject identifier**  
D010300
- **Condition**  
Angelman Syndrome

**Highest recorded phase**  
2

**Condition identifier**  
MONDO:0007113

**Subject identifier**  
D017204
- **Condition**  
Albinism, Oculocutaneous

**Highest recorded phase**  
2

**Condition identifier**  
MONDO:0018910

**Subject identifier**  
D016115
- **Condition**  
Retinitis Pigmentosa

**Highest recorded phase**  
2

**Condition identifier**  
MONDO:0019200

**Subject identifier**  
D012174
- **Condition**  
Albinism

**Highest recorded phase**  
2

**Condition identifier**  
MONDO:0043209

**Subject identifier**  
D000417

And 2 more, listed on the interactive page.

### Open Targets indications (60)

- **Condition identifier**  
EFO\_0000546
- **Condition identifier**  
EFO\_0000712

**Highest recorded phase**  
3
- **Condition identifier**  
EFO\_0000721

**Highest recorded phase**  
3
- **Condition identifier**  
EFO\_0001358

**Highest recorded phase**  
2
- **Condition identifier**  
EFO\_0001365

**Highest recorded phase**  
2
- **Condition identifier**  
EFO\_0002610
- **Condition identifier**  
EFO\_0003756

**Highest recorded phase**  
2
- **Condition identifier**  
EFO\_0003768

**Highest recorded phase**  
1
- **Condition identifier**  
EFO\_0003770
- **Condition identifier**  
EFO\_0004270

**Highest recorded phase**  
3
- **Condition identifier**  
EFO\_0004895

**Highest recorded phase**  
1
- **Condition identifier**  
EFO\_0010445

**Highest recorded phase**  
2
- **Condition identifier**  
EFO\_0022861

**Highest recorded phase**  
2
- **Condition identifier**  
EFO\_1001050
- **Condition identifier**  
EFO\_1001492

**Highest recorded phase**  
2
- **Condition identifier**  
HP\_0001257

**Highest recorded phase**  
1
- **Condition identifier**  
HP\_0001288
- **Condition identifier**  
HP\_0001297

**Highest recorded phase**  
3
- **Condition identifier**  
HP\_0001337
- **Condition identifier**  
HP\_0002063
- **Condition identifier**  
HP\_0002067
- **Condition identifier**  
HP\_0002381
- **Condition identifier**  
HP\_0002381

**Highest recorded phase**  
2
- **Condition identifier**  
HP\_0003418

**Highest recorded phase**  
2
- **Condition identifier**  
HP\_0012531

**Highest recorded phase**  
3

And 35 more, listed on the interactive page.

### Reported adverse events (71)

- **Event**  
abnormal dreams

**Reports**  
132

**Reporting signal score**

200.404
- **Event**  
aggression

**Reports**  
214

**Reporting signal score**

212.82
- **Event**  
agitation

**Reports**  
247

**Reporting signal score**

179.925
- **Event**  
akinesia

**Reports**  
216

**Reporting signal score**

808.15
- **Event**  
anxiety

**Reports**  
345

**Reporting signal score**

135.199
- **Event**  
balance disorder

**Reports**  
262

**Reporting signal score**

255.164
- **Event**  
bezoar

**Reports**  
62

**Reporting signal score**

196.703
- **Event**  
bradykinesia

**Reports**  
230

**Reporting signal score**

719.693
- **Event**  
c-reactive protein increased

**Reports**  
164

**Reporting signal score**

140.673
- **Event**  
cognitive disorder

**Reports**  
291

**Reporting signal score**

411.21
- **Event**  
compulsive shopping

**Reports**  
48

**Reporting signal score**

152.442
- **Event**  
confusional state

**Reports**  
580

**Reporting signal score**

519.864
- **Event**  
decubitus ulcer

**Reports**  
81

**Reporting signal score**

149.272
- **Event**  
delirium

**Reports**  
195

**Reporting signal score**

193.995
- **Event**  
delusion

**Reports**  
145

**Reporting signal score**

237.891
- **Event**  
dementia

**Reports**  
172

**Reporting signal score**

285.217
- **Event**  
device connection issue

**Reports**  
111

**Reporting signal score**

426.295
- **Event**  
disorientation

**Reports**  
176

**Reporting signal score**

167.191
- **Event**  
dopamine dysregulation syndrome

**Reports**  
157

**Reporting signal score**

744.83
- **Event**  
dyskinesia

**Reports**  
1,152

**Reporting signal score**  
3,371.6
- **Event**  
dysphagia

**Reports**  
349

**Reporting signal score**

292.632
- **Event**  
dystonia

**Reports**  
211

**Reporting signal score**

388.362
- **Event**  
excessive granulation tissue

**Reports**  
47

**Reporting signal score**

147.474
- **Event**  
fall

**Reports**  
1,504

**Reporting signal score**  
1,744.54
- **Event**  
femoral neck fracture

**Reports**  
88

**Reporting signal score**

168.51

And 46 more, listed on the interactive page.

### Trial references (152)

- NCT00004733  
Source: [clinicaltrials.gov](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00004733)
- NCT00006077  
Source: [clinicaltrials.gov](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00006077)
- NCT00006337  
Source: [clinicaltrials.gov](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00006337)
- NCT00009048  
Source: [clinicaltrials.gov](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00009048)
- NCT00013624  
Source: [clinicaltrials.gov](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00013624)
- NCT00040209  
Source: [clinicaltrials.gov](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00040209)
- NCT00076674  
Source: [clinicaltrials.gov](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00076674)
- NCT00086294  
Source: [clinicaltrials.gov](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00086294)
- NCT00089622  
Source: [clinicaltrials.gov](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00089622)
- NCT00099268  
Source: [clinicaltrials.gov](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00099268)
- NCT00108667  
Source: [clinicaltrials.gov](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00108667)
- NCT00125567  
Source: [clinicaltrials.gov](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00125567)
- NCT00134966  
Source: [clinicaltrials.gov](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00134966)
- NCT00141518  
Source: [clinicaltrials.gov](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00141518)
- NCT00143026  
Source: [clinicaltrials.gov](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00143026)
- NCT00153972  
Source: [clinicaltrials.gov](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00153972)
- NCT00174239  
Source: [clinicaltrials.gov](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00174239)
- NCT00219284  
Source: [clinicaltrials.gov](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00219284)
- NCT00253084  
Source: [clinicaltrials.gov](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00253084)
- NCT00272688  
Source: [clinicaltrials.gov](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00272688)
- NCT00279825  
Source: [clinicaltrials.gov](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00279825)
- NCT00335153  
Source: [clinicaltrials.gov](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00335153)
- NCT00357994  
Source: [clinicaltrials.gov](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00357994)
- NCT00360568  
Source: [clinicaltrials.gov](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00360568)
- NCT00391898  
Source: [clinicaltrials.gov](https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00391898)

And 127 more, listed on the interactive page.

## Dosing

**Dose**

25 mg/100 mg

**How often**

Three to four times daily

### Conditions of use (2)

- Adjust according to response
- Individualized therapy

## Chemical properties

**Hydrogen bond acceptors**

4

**Hydrogen bond donors**

4

**Polar surface area**

103.78

**Calculated partition coefficient (ALogP)**

0.05

**Calculated partition coefficient (XLogP)**

\-2.7

**Prodrug**

Yes

**Chirality**

Single enantiomer

**Inorganic**

No

**Rule-of-five violations**

0

**Rotatable bonds**

3

**Heavy atoms**

14

**Molecular formula**

C9H11NO4

**Monoisotopic mass**

197.06880783

**Natural product**

Yes

## National Drug Codes

- 0074-3012
- 0093-9701
- 0093-9702
- 0093-9703
- 0259-6142
- 0378-0088
- 0378-0094
- 0615-8460
- 0615-8461
- 0615-8516
- 0615-8536
- 0615-8555
- 0781-5613
- 0781-5625
- 0781-5637
- 0781-5641
- 0781-5654
- 0781-5669
- 0904-7501
- 0904-7549
- 10144-342
- 16571-157
- 16571-158
- 16571-159
- 16571-689

And 126 more, listed on the interactive page.

## Evidence counts

**Recorded assays**

2,829

**Active assays**

122

### Active assay types (4)

- Confirmatory
- Other
- Screening
- Summary

## Pharmacologic actions

- Antiparkinson Agents  
Source: [id.nlm.nih.gov](https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D000978.html)
- Dopamine Agents  
Source: [id.nlm.nih.gov](https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D015259.html)

## Biological measurements

These details could not be displayed.

## Related records

### Trials (261)

- 1/2-Dopaminergic Dysfunction in Late-Life Depression (The D3 Study)
- A Clinical Study of Efficacy, Safety, Tolerability and PK of ND0612H in Subjects With Advanced Parkinson's Disease
- A Clinical Trial Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of HSK55718 in Patients for Postoperative Pain Treatment in Orthopedic Surgery
- A Fixed Dose Study of Ropinirole Prolonged Release as Adjunctive Treatment in Patients With Advanced Parkinson's Disease
- A Multiple-Dose Study of Sinemet® CR (Carbidopa/Levodopa) in Healthy Subjects
- A Pharmacodynamics and Safety Study of DSP-9632P in Patients With Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia in Parkinson's Disease
- A Pharmacokinetic Study of Levodopa and Carbidopa Intestinal Gel in Subjects With Advanced Parkinson's Disease
- A Phase 2 Clinical Trial Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of HSK21542 in Patients for Postoperative Pain Treatment in Orthopedic Surgery
- A Phase I/II Study Of Immunization With Lymphotactin And Interleukin 2 Gene Modified Neuroblastoma Tumor Cells
- A Phase II Efficacy and Safety Study of HSK44459 in Subjects With Moderate to Severe Plaque Psoriasis
- A Pilot Comparative Bioavailability Study of Levodopa Administered Via Levodopa Cyclops® Relative to INBRIJA®
- A Safety, Tolerability, and Plasma Concentration Study of Levodopa/Carbidopa Subcutaneous Solution (ND0612) in Parkinson's Disease (PD) Patients
- A Sequential Two-Part, Open-Label Study in Healthy Male and Female Subjects
- A Single Period Investigation to Assess the Tolerability of Healthy Subjects to Oral Sinemet® (Levodopa/Carbidopa)
- A Study Comparing Efficacy of Levodopa-Carbidopa Intestinal Gel/Carbidopa-Levodopa Enteral Suspension and Optimized Medical Treatment on Dyskinesia in Subjects With Advanced Parkinson's Disease (DYSCOVER)
- A Study of AIR-001 in Adults With Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency (AATD)
- A Study of AP-CD/LD in Fluctuating Parkinson's Disease Patients Who Completed IN 11 004
- A Study of DZD8586 in Adults With Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP) (TAI-SHAN11)
- A Study of K-645 in the Treatment of Multiple Migraine Attacks
- A Study of L-DOPA for Depression and Slowing in Older Adults

### Approved for (1)

- [Parkinson disease](https://trialight.com/data/condition/parkinson-disease-a117728d-ad75-551b-9b20-fffa9a2305ac.md)

### In development for (22)

- [Age-related macular degeneration](https://trialight.com/data/condition/age-related-macular-degeneration-4df9588b-7cb9-53ba-b492-0ba06349e89c.md) Phase 2
- Albinism Phase 2
- Amblyopia Phase 3
- [Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis](https://trialight.com/data/condition/amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis-4f2633eb-a9e5-5dd1-bdcd-b9b592a0eb59.md) Phase 1
- Angelman syndrome Phase 2
- Aphasia Phase 2
- [Asthma](https://trialight.com/data/condition/asthma-247437fb-0e60-5885-8a3a-ce40099cea88.md) Phase 1
- Autism spectrum disorder Phase 2
- Brain injury Early phase 1
- Cocaine abuse Phase 2
- Cocaine dependence Phase 2
- [Diabetic retinopathy](https://trialight.com/data/condition/diabetic-retinopathy-3213cb12-9e5d-5ef7-827d-b64b152d71f9.md) Early phase 1
- Nicotine dependence Phase 1
- Oculocutaneous albinism Phase 2
- Orthostatic hypotension Phase 1
- Post-traumatic stress disorder Phase 2
- Restless legs syndrome Phase 3
- Retinitis pigmentosa Phase 2
- [Schizophrenia](https://trialight.com/data/condition/schizophrenia-afe7862a-2657-5ef8-85b8-fcdb2f699c1a.md) Phase 2
- Spinal cord injury Phase 2

### Other linked conditions (3)

- [Depressive disorder](https://trialight.com/data/condition/depressive-disorder-7618feda-3f90-5521-94e1-99f7100e8324.md)
- Injury
- [Multiple system atrophy](https://trialight.com/data/condition/multiple-system-atrophy-6bf4f57c-d07e-5ddf-8d90-2a9958485dcc.md)

### Targets (1)

- [DRD3](https://trialight.com/data/target/drd3-241e79b4-e4cd-5440-a0c1-292032211423.md) Dopamine D3 receptor agonist

---

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